{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:41:29Z","timestamp":1790905289058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008993","name":"University of Zagreb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10106-22-3071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10106-22-3071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["10106-22-3071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10106-22-3071"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mv6sv71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. This rat study reveals a new point: the considerable impact of unilateral adrenalectomy, severe vascular and multiorgan failure, occlusion\/occlusion-like syndrome, and the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. Based on the recent Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy vascular disturbance studies, particularly those after unilateral adrenalectomy in rats, the noted cytoprotective vascular recovery effect of the BPC 157 therapy may be useful. Methods. In rats, unilateral adrenalectomy (at 15 min, 5 h, 24 h) leads to integrated gross and morphological changes, vascular alterations, oxidative stress parameters, molecular markers and occlusion\/occlusion-like syndrome and BPC 157 as useful therapy (\/kg ig) (10 \u00b5g, 10 ng). Results. Peripherally and centrally, counteraction includes the lesions (adrenal, brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), organ hemorrhage, and thrombosis. Attenuated\/eliminated were arrhythmias, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, caval hypertension, and aortic hypotension. Significant resolution occurred via activation of collateral pathways, the azygos vein (direct blood flow delivery), and the recovered peduncle of the inferior suprarenal artery and superior suprarenal vein. Virchow\u2019s triad circumstances were reversed. Occlusion\/occlusion-like syndrome was counteracted as a whole. Also, BPC 157 counteracted adrenal lesions (lipid depletion, congestion). There were higher cortisol values, but still very low, and a shift toward the left of the adrenal compensatory weight increase. For the indicative conclusion along with previous studies, mechanistically, BPC 157 therapy exhibits the NO-system modulation\/oxidative stress balance, increases NO-level, counteracts oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA)), upregulates NOS1\u20133, and VEGF-A expression. Conclusions. These effects of BPC 157 therapy and its easy applicability deserve further consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19060873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:08:02Z","timestamp":1780535282000},"page":"873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unilateral Adrenalectomy, and the Stable Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy in Rats\u2014A Cytoprotection Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ivan Maria","family":"Smoday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3095-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlasta","family":"Vukovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Oroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Vranes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1703-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Kalogjera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozren","family":"Gamulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josipa","family":"Vlainic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruder Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Milavic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suncana","family":"Sikiric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Nikolac Gabaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domagoj","family":"Marijancevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antun","family":"Koprivanac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tomic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Strbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Barisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidija","family":"Beketic Oreskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Kordic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ante","family":"Tvrdeic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Seiwerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7952-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Predrag","family":"Sikiric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alenka","family":"Boban Blagaic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, 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