{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:44:27Z","timestamp":1789587867885,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515011236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou","award":["202102070001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102070001"]}]},{"name":"Special Funding of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["21625412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21625412"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical","award":["2025SYKFD08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SYKFD08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotheranostics integrate theranostic functions onto a single nanoscale platform, and have become a new approach in precision medicine. Nanotheranostics rely on probes. However, traditional fluorescent probes often exhibit aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) when loaded at high concentrations onto nanocarriers, severely limiting their imaging performance. Aggregation-induced emission agents (AIEgens) offer a solution to this long-standing problem through their ability to enhance fluorescence during aggregation. This mini-review systematically outlines nanotheranostic systems based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE). We first introduce the basic mechanism of AIE (the limitation of molecular internal motion) and its advantages over traditional fluorescent probes. Then, we discuss the design strategies of AIE nanoprobes according to the types of nanocarriers (including liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and self-assembling systems). Additionally, we emphasize the disease-specific AIE nanotheranostic designs tailored for pathological microenvironments such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Finally, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the current challenges hindering clinical translation, and propose future AIE nanotheranostic technologies applicable to clinical practice and the direction for personalized medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19060902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:43:02Z","timestamp":1780904582000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Probe-Labeled Nanotheranostics: A Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanbin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drugability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drugability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1901556","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901556","article-title":"Nanoparticle Characterization: What to Measure?","volume":"31","author":"Modena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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