{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:02:26Z","timestamp":1785438146114,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) via the Program Management Unit for Competitiveness","award":["C10F650207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C10F650207"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03e2qe334","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Frontier Research and Innovation Clusters Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2569C004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2569C004"]}]},{"award":["R2569C004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2569C004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03e2qe334","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic stress contributes to anxiety disorders and cognitive impairment, while effective multi-target therapeutic strategies remain limited. This study investigated the effects of a standardized extract prepared from the aerial parts of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Brahmi) extract and an anthocyanin-rich mixed Thai berry extract, administered individually and in combination, in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model. Methods: Extracts derived from Morus alba L. (mulberry), Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. (mamao), and Syzygium nervosum DC. (ma-kiang) were characterized for anthocyanin and phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside levels using HPLC. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a 14-day CUMS protocol and treated with Brahmi extract, mixed Thai berry extract, or their combinations. Behavioral assessments included the open-field test, elevated plus maze, and novel object recognition test. Histopathological evaluation of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was also performed. Results: Brahmi extract and mixed Thai berry extract attenuated selected anxiety-related behaviors and improved recognition memory-related parameters in CUMS-exposed rats. The low-dose berry extract produced the most consistent behavioral improvements, whereas combination-treated groups showed greater histological preservation. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced neuronal degeneration and improved tissue organization in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of treated animals. Conclusions: These findings support the potential therapeutic relevance of Bacopa monnieri and anthocyanin-rich Thai berry extracts under chronic stress conditions, with differential effects observed between individual and combination treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19070981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:41:38Z","timestamp":1782909698000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effects of Bacopa monnieri Extract, Mixed Thai Berry Extract and Their Combination Against Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7246-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phichsinee","family":"Rerkshanandana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutisa","family":"Nudmamud-Thanoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalyarut","family":"Phumlek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pailada","family":"Tiemtad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1640-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prapapan","family":"Temkitthawon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jureepon","family":"Roboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7431-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paweena","family":"Kaewman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5547-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanfrutkon","family":"Waehama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Plaiyfah","family":"Janthueng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiyada","family":"Khangkhachit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5857-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasimontra","family":"Timjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Cluster for Natural Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kornkanok","family":"Ingkaninan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow","article-title":"Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century","volume":"17","author":"Bandelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. 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