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Although mushroom polysaccharides are well established as fermentable substrates, the contribution of fungal phenolics to microbiota\u2013host interactions remains less defined. This review aimed to critically analyse the evidence supporting mushroom-derived phenolic compounds as emerging prebiotic-like modulators of gut microbiota, intestinal function, and host metabolism. Methods: A narrative critical review was conducted using scientific literature retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies addressing phenolic profiling in edible and medicinal mushrooms, gastrointestinal digestion, colonic fermentation, microbial biotransformation, gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and metabolic outcomes were considered. Particular attention was given to chromatographic and mass spectrometry-based studies, in vitro digestion\/fermentation models, mechanistic studies, animal experiments, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Current evidence shows that mushrooms contain diverse phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, vanillic, syringic, and cinnamic acids. Due to limited small intestine absorption, a substantial fraction of these compounds may reach the colon, where they undergo microbial biotransformation into smaller phenolic metabolites. These metabolites may influence microbial ecology, support beneficial taxa, modulate short-chain fatty acid production indirectly, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, and contribute to intestinal barrier integrity. However, most evidence derives from in vitro and preclinical studies, while human data remain limited and are mainly based on whole-mushroom interventions. Conclusions: Mushroom-derived phenolic compounds are promising prebiotic-like modulators within the microbiota\u2013metabolite\u2013host axis. Nevertheless, their specific contribution cannot yet be quantitatively distinguished from that of other mushroom constituents, particularly \u03b2-glucans, chitin, and other fungal polysaccharides, because most available evidence derives from whole-mushroom matrices, crude extracts, or polysaccharide-rich preparations rather than isolated phenolic fractions. Future studies should compare whole mushroom preparations, polysaccharide-rich fractions, and standardized phenolic-rich extracts, integrating metabolomics, microbiome profiling, and well-designed clinical trials to clarify the relative mechanistic and therapeutic relevance of mushroom phenolics. Future studies should use standardized phenolic-rich extracts, metabolomics, microbiome analysis, and well-designed clinical trials to clarify their mechanistic relevance, clinical significance, and translational potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19071014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:26:15Z","timestamp":1782807975000},"page":"1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mushroom-Derived Phenolic Compounds as Emerging Prebiotic-like Modulators of Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Health, and Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins n.\u00ba 1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3316-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Olo-Fontinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins n.\u00ba 1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5868-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jani","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins n.\u00ba 1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Dias-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins n.\u00ba 1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0575-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gouvinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, K., Mehra, R., Guin\u00e9, R.P.F., Lima, M.J., Kumar, N., Kaushik, R., Ahmed, N., Yadav, A.N., and Kumar, H. 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