{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:14:15Z","timestamp":1783743255421,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province","award":["202301BD070001-029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301BD070001-029"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Science and Technology Talents support plan","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2018-083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2018-083"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Agricultural Basic Research Joint Foundation","award":["202401BD070001-074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-074"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Educa-tion Scientific and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology","award":["TMKF2025A06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMKF2025A06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Solar dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Gastrodia elata (GE) is a medicinal and edible plant with broad pharmacological activities; however, the polarity distribution of its active components and their specific mechanisms of action in SD remain incompletely understood. Methods: Different polarity fractions of GE-petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and n-butanol extract (NBAE) were prepared and evaluated in a UVB-induced SD mouse model. We integrated metabolomics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular biology techniques to identify key active ingredients and regulatory mechanisms. Results: The EAE group significantly ameliorated epidermal thickening and collagen damage in SD mice. Mechanistically, EAE and its active component luteolin (LUT) likely suppressed abnormal activation of the JUN pathway (binding energy: \u22129.1 kcal\/mol), leading to downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and inerleukin-1 beta. Conclusions: The EAE fraction alleviates SD through multi-component, multitarget synergistic effects, with LUT as a core bioactive component that inhibits the JUN pathway to mitigate skin inflammation and oxidative damage. EAE also accelerated SD recovery by modulating critical metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. These findings identify EAE and LUT as promising candidate therapeutics for SD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19071042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:15:53Z","timestamp":1783095353000},"page":"1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Luteolin from Gastrodia elata Ameliorates Solar Dermatitis via Inhibition of the MAPK\/JUN Signalling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yewei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saizhen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shundan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbin","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0922-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkai","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, S., Xue, T., Wang, B., Guo, H., and Liu, Q. (2022). Application of network pharmacology in the study of the mechanism of action of traditional chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.926901"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01845-4","article-title":"The acute effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on solar dermatitis in Shanghai, China","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang, E., Kim, D.H., and Chung, H.Y. (2021). Protease-activated receptor 2 induces ROS-mediated inflammation through Akt-mediated NF-\u03baB and FoxO6 modulation during skin photoaging. Redox Biol., 44.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102022"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"321","article-title":"Protection for military personnel in foreign countries","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2005.00754.x","article-title":"Methylprednisolone aceponate in eczema and other inflammatory skin disorders\u2014A clinical update","volume":"60","author":"Ruzicka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.5.620","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids in the treatment of acute sunburn: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"144","author":"Faurschou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, B., Wang, Y., Jin, J., Yang, Z., Guo, R., Li, X., Yang, L., and Li, Z. (2022). Resveratrol Treats UVB-Induced Photoaging by Anti-MMP Expression, through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Properties, and Treats Photoaging by Upregulating VEGF-B Expression. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6037303"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"106","article-title":"Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Solar Dermatitis","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunter, N.V., Teh, S.S., Lim, Y.M., and Mah, S.H. (2020). Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.594202"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liew, K.Y., Kamise, N.I., Ong, H.M., Aw Yong, P.Y., Islam, F., Tan, J.W., and Tham, C.L. (2021). Anti-Allergic Properties of Propolis: Evidence From Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.785371"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"193","article-title":"Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity and Quality Marker of Gastrodia elata Blume","volume":"47","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spec. Wild Econ. Anim. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"240","article-title":"Overview of the Pharmacological Effects of Gastrodia and Its Active Ingredients","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Medica"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, H., Liu, C., Hou, J., Long, H., Wang, B., Guo, D., Lei, M., and Wu, W. (2019). Gastrodia elata Blume Polysaccharides: A Review of Their Acquisition, Analysis, Modification, and Pharmacological Activities. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24132436"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"779","article-title":"Repairing effect of gastrodin on UVB-damaged skin","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Surfactant Deterg. Cosmet."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"32","article-title":"Skin Barrier Repairing Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Gastrodia elata Extract","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, W., Zhao, Y., Jia, P., Liu, W., Cheng, Z., Li, W., and Zhu, H. (2024). Preparation and evaluation of gastrodin microsphere-loaded Gastrodia elata polysaccharides composite hydrogel on UVB-induced skin damage in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 277.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134303"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8408","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.6c01555","article-title":"Rhein\u2013Gastrodin Ester-Loaded ZIF-8 Nanosystem for the Treatment of Bacteria-Infected Wounds","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Zheng, T. (2023). Studies on the Biosynthesis of Gastrodin by Armillaria Melleaand Its Anti-UVB Dam, Jilin Agricultural University."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2016.3722","article-title":"Gastrodia elata Blume Extract Modulates Antioxidant Activity and Ultraviolet A-Irradiated Skin Aging in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Gu, P. (2021). Study on the Effects and Mechanisms of Compound Gastrodiaelata and Panax Ginseng Against UVB Damage and MelanomaB16 Cells, Jilin Agricultural University."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"323","article-title":"Network pharmacology approaches for research of Traditional Chinese Medicines","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., Kim, D., Lee, M., Han, S., Jun, W., Jung, H.M., Koo, Y.K., Na, G.H., Han, S.H., and Han, J. (2022). Enzyme-Treated Caviar Prevents UVB Irradiation-Induced Skin Photoaging. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20110685"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, W., Kong, C., Cheng, S., Xu, X., and Zhang, J. (2023). Succinoglycan riclin relieves UVB-induced skin injury with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 235.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123717"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Zhu, G., Ma, Y., Huang, K., Chen, G., Liu, C., and Tao, Y. (2022). Network Pharmacology\u2013Based Prediction and Pharmacological Validation of Effects of Astragali Radix on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Front. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.697644"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadaqat, M., Qasim, M., Tahir Ul Qamar, M., Masoud, M.S., Ashfaq, U.A., Noor, F., Fatima, K., Allemailem, K.S., Alrumaihi, F., and Almatroudi, A. (2023). Advanced network pharmacology study reveals multi-pathway and multi-gene regulatory molecular mechanism of Bacopa monnieri in liver cancer based on data mining, molecular modeling, and microarray data analysis. Comput. Biol. Med., 161.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107059"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601681","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Role of Langerhans Cells and Apoptotic Keratinocytes in Ultraviolet-B-Induced Cutaneous Inflammation","volume":"199","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-014-1777-z","article-title":"Yin-yang and Zheng: Exported from Chinese medicine","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravipati, A.S., Zhang, L., Koyyalamudi, S.R., Jeong, S.C., Reddy, N., Bartlett, J., Smith, P.T., Shanmugam, K., M\u00fcnch, G., and Wu, M.J. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-173"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X., Jia, B., Sun, J., Lin, J., Lu, B., Duan, J., Li, C., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., and Tan, M. (2023). Gastrodia elata Blume: A review of its mechanisms and functions on cardiovascular systems. Fitoterapia, 167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105511"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Gao, R., Li, H., Liao, X., Tang, X., Wang, X., and Su, Z. (2022). How steaming and drying processes affect the active compounds and antioxidant types of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow. Food Res. Int., 157.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111277"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, S., Tang, Z., and Xu, H. (2023). The processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Gastrodia elata Bl.: A comprehensive review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116467"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Ji, C., Sun, Y., Liu, D., Pan, K., and Wei, Y. (2024). Wogonin ameliorates the proliferation, inflammatory response, and pyroptosis in keratinocytes via NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3\/Caspase-1\/Gasdermin-D pathway. Immun. Inflamm. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1303"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, D.D., Zhang, W., Gao, Y.L., Sun, Y.Z., Wang, H.X., Qi, R.Q., Chen, H.D., and Gao, X.H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin in a mouse model of MC903-induced atopic dermatitis. Int. Immunopharmacol., 74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105676"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/ped.2019.1137","article-title":"Quercetin Improves Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Wound Healing in Atopic Dermatitis Model of Human Keratinocytes","volume":"33","author":"Beken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, S.H., Kim, H.S., Lee, W., Han, E.J., Kim, S.Y., Fernando, I.P.S., Ahn, G., and Kim, K.N. (2020). Eckol from Ecklonia cava ameliorates TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-induced inflammatory responses via regulating MAPKs and NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in HaCaT cells. Int. Immunopharmacol., 82.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106146"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01529H","article-title":"Luteolin suppresses the JAK\/STAT pathway in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, H.L., Yu, X.J., Feng, Y.Q., Yang, Y., Hu, H.B., Zhao, Y.Y., Zhang, J.H., Liu, K.L., Zhang, Y., and Fu, L.Y. (2023). Luteolin Attenuates Hypertension via Inhibiting NF-\u03baB-Mediated Inflammation and PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030502"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, W., Xu, Q., Dong, H., Wang, W., Huang, G., and Zhang, J. (2024). Eriodictyol attenuates osteoarthritis progression through inhibiting inflammation via the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69028-9"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.06.019","article-title":"Acitretin and aloe-emodin loaded chitin nanogel for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"107","author":"Divya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., Wang, W., He, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, X., Chen, Y., Cai, X.J., and Liu, L.Q. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Qingfeiyin in treating acute lung injury based on GEO datasets, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Comput. Biol. Med., 145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105454"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1110","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad926","article-title":"BATMAN-TCM 2.0: An enhanced integrative database for known and predicted interactions between traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and target proteins","volume":"52","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1328","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae883","article-title":"Comparative Toxicogenomics Database\u2019s 20th anniversary: Update 2025","volume":"53","author":"Davis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1197","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1063","article-title":"HERB: A high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W357","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz382","article-title":"SwissTargetPrediction: Updated data and new features for efficient prediction of protein targets of small molecules","volume":"47","author":"Daina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1180","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1004","article-title":"The ChEMBL Database in 2023: A drug discovery platform spanning multiple bioactivity data types and time periods","volume":"52","author":"Zdrazil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.30.31","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5","article-title":"The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analyses","volume":"54","author":"Stelzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D789","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1205","article-title":"OMIM.org: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM\u00ae), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders","volume":"43","author":"Amberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burley, S.K. (2021). Impact of structural biologists and the Protein Data Bank on small-molecule drug discovery and development. J. Biol. Chem., 296.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100559"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.01.033","article-title":"Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of hydroxysafflor yellow A against acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, D., Jiao, Y., Ji, J., Jiang, W., Ni, W., Wu, Y., Ni, R., Lu, C., Qu, L., and Ni, H. (2020). Identification of prognostic risk factors for pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ, 8.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9301"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, M., Chen, T., Shao, M., Yang, X., Qi, Y., Kong, S., Jiang, L., and Yang, E. (2025). Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of Haitang-Xiaoyin Mixture in psoriasis treatment based on bioinformatics, network pharmacology, machine learning, and molecular docking verification. Comput. Biol. Chem., 115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108352"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, C., Zhao, X., Li, X., Xie, J., Si, Y., Wang, L., Wu, D., Wang, Y., Liu, S., and Wang, Q. (2023). Identification of hub genes and potential inhibitory compounds in the process of liver transplantation through transcriptome sequencing. Mol. Cell. Probes, 72.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2023.101936"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris, C.J., and Corte, D.D. (2021). Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics to investigate protein-ligand interactions. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 35.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217984921300027"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/7\/1042\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:11:15Z","timestamp":1783743075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/7\/1042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ph19071042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph19071042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}