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This review summarizes current evidence on immune dysregulation and emerging immunomodulatory therapies in endometriosis. Relevant clinical and mechanistic studies were identified through a structured literature review and qualitatively synthesized. Increasing evidence suggests that immune dysregulation plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Within the immune microenvironment, innate and adaptive immune cells\u2014including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, T cells, and B cells\u2014collectively promote inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and immune evasion. Emerging immunotherapeutic strategies, including macrophage repolarization, NK cell restoration, dendritic cell modulation, neutrophil extracellular traps inhibition, immune checkpoint blockade, and cytokine\/chemokine targeting, have shown promising preclinical and early clinical potential. However, disease heterogeneity, reproductive safety concerns, and the lack of validated biomarkers remain major barriers to clinical translation, highlighting the potential of immunomodulatory therapies as future non-hormonal treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19071074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:28:27Z","timestamp":1783927707000},"page":"1074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeting the Immune Network in Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Immunomodulation, and Emerging Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yukun","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuozhen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0002-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianhua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5907-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kewang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00389-5","article-title":"Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease: Clinical challenges and novel innovations","volume":"397","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2975","article-title":"Endometriosis: A Review","volume":"334","author":"Missmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-017-0187-1","article-title":"Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management","volume":"6","author":"Parasar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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