{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:35:38Z","timestamp":1790044538691,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent Introduction Program-Young Doctor","award":["5105250184p"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5105250184p"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015308","name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024D01C266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024D01C266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015308","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025D01C56"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025D01C56"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal and edible plants are promising resources for low-toxicity therapeutics and precision nutrition. Lycium barbarum L. (goji berry), a quintessential medicine\u2013food homologous herb with 2000 years of ethnopharmacological use, has attracted global attention. However, existing studies are limited by fruit-centric bias, lack of correlation between processing methods, component properties and bioactivities, and incomplete antitumor mechanistic understanding. This systematic review establishes a holistic research paradigm that integrates whole-plant resource utilization, processing\u2013property\u2013bioactivity associations, multi-target pharmacology, and clinical translation. We delineate tissue-specific distributions of core bioactives (polysaccharides, phenolics, carotenoids, alkaloids) and their synergistic networks underlying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory effects. Critically, we systematically summarize preclinical evidence for the antitumor potential of goji berries, identifying four proposed non-overlapping cell death pathways (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ferroptosis, autophagy) and proposed unique roles in reversing multi-drug resistance, alleviating chemoradiotherapy toxicity, and serving as biocompatible nanocarriers, all of which remain predominantly at the preclinical stage. We further propose a three-stage evidence-based roadmap to address key translational bottlenecks. This review bridges the gap between traditional ethnopharmacology and modern precision nutrition, providing a scientific foundation for the sustainable development of the global goji berry industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19071115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1784548817000},"page":"1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Whole-Plant Phytochemistry to Precision Oncology: A Paradigm-Shifting Systematic Review of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji Berries)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuanhong","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Mahemuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0436-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4363-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayitila","family":"Maimaitijiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147855","article-title":"Antifungal activity of medicinal and edible homologous polysaccharides and the mechanism","volume":"329","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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