{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:23:52Z","timestamp":1785425032664,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2026-1057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-1057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ORF-2026-1057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-1057"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives:\u00a0Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter (Asteraceae) is a Mediterranean medicinal plant whose polar phenolic fraction remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to characterize the phenolic composition and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and mechanistic bioactivity of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts collected from the Rmilate Forest in Tangier, northern Morocco. Methods: Extracts were characterized by ICP-AES for elemental content and by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS for phenolic annotation, and total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were quantified. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against four reference strains, with time\u2013kill kinetics and membrane integrity assays used to probe the mechanism of action, and antifungal activity was tested against dermatophytic and phytopathogenic fungi. Molecular docking against four bacterial, fungal, and antioxidant enzyme targets and ProTox-3 toxicity prediction were also performed. Results: ICP-AES revealed high concentrations of calcium (12,476.75 mg\/kg) and potassium (29,699 mg\/kg). The methanolic extract showed higher total phenolic (55.05 mg GAE\/g), flavonoid (84.18 mg QE\/g), and tannin (262.1 mg TAE\/g) contents and superior antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50: 0.090 mg\/mL). Twelve phenolic compounds were tentatively annotated, including caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, and quercetin\/kaempferol glycosides. Antibacterial activity (MIC: 0.25\u20131 mg\/mL) was consistent with cell envelope disruption, and up to 88% mycelial inhibition was achieved against Trichophyton rubrum. Docking ranked kaempferol-3-O-pentoside (\u221210.3 kcal\/mol) among the top-scoring ligands, and the top compounds were assigned to toxicity class 5. Conclusions:D. viscosa is a promising source of bioactive phenolics for pharmaceutical and agrochemical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19081139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:05:42Z","timestamp":1784819142000},"page":"1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Target Bioactivity of Dittrichia viscosa Polyphenols: HPLC-ESI-MS Profiling, Antimicrobial Mechanisms, and Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8311-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahia","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9407-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oussama","family":"Khibech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science of Oujda, Mohammed First University, Bd Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amena","family":"Mrabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaber","family":"Maataoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8847-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Kchikich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sheep and Goat Association (ANOC), Mers El Kheir 12025, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Widad","family":"Stitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2314-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"Simou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelaaty","family":"A. Shahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Medicinal, Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants, DSR, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Miantezila Basilua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cit\u00e9 University, 4, Avenue de L\u2019observatoire, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashed","family":"N. Herqash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Medicinal, Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants, DSR, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmae","family":"El Cadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khaddor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment (LAMSE), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.100992","article-title":"Addressing urgent priorities in antibiotic development: Insights from WHO 2023 antibacterial clinical pipeline analyses","volume":"6","author":"Melchiorri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelini, P. 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