{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:08:52Z","timestamp":1792120132514,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":369,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wound healing is a multifaceted biological process comprising the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, all of which require supportive microenvironment for optimal tissue regeneration. Biopolymer-based hydrogels, derived from materials such as cellulose and its derivatives, chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, have emerged as promising wound dressing materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, moisture-retention capacity, and potential to mimic the native extracellular matrix. The structural characteristics, wound healing functions, and underlying mechanisms of these biopolymers are critically examined and summarized in tabular form. The review further highlights the incorporation of natural and synthetic therapeutic agents, growth factors, stem-cell-derived products, and peptides into biopolymer matrices to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The examined research findings indicate significant increases in fluid intake, moisture retention, antibacterial activity, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, tissue regeneration, and wound healing rates. Translational difficulties, regulatory issues, clinical research, and new patent activity pertaining to advanced wound healing biomaterials are also covered in the review. Despite tremendous improvements, issues still exist in bulk manufacturing, long-term safety, reproducibility, mechanical stability, and clinical validation. Future innovations are anticipated to concentrate on smart, multipurpose, and customized hydrogel systems that can integrate drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative capabilities while reacting dynamically to wound microenvironments. Overall, biopolymer-based hydrogels are a flexible, rapidly developing platform with significant promise to improve next-generation skin tissue engineering and change the treatment of both acute and chronic wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19081210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1785721407000},"page":"1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Advances in Cellulose, Chitosan, Alginate, and Hyaluronic Acid from Design to Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1851-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shery","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namitha Raichel","family":"Varkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2513-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai H. S.","family":"Boddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jigar N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rekha","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2850-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anroop B.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alina, T.B., Nash, V.A., and Spiller, K.L. (2020). Effects of Biotin-Avidin Interactions on Hydrogel Swelling. Front. Chem., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.593422"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2025.01083","article-title":"Indicators of a moist wound environment and care to maintain a moist environment for early healing: A scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Kunimitsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2016.25.3.122","article-title":"The importance of hydration in wound healing: Reinvigorating the clinical perspective","volume":"25","author":"Ousey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, F., Zhao, Z., Li, J., Huang, Y., and Chen, W. (2024). Multifunctional dressings for wound exudate management. Prog. Mater. Sci., 146.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101328"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00682D","article-title":"Hydrogel-based dressings designed to facilitate wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawadkar, P., Lali, F., Garcia-Gareta, E., Garrido, B.G., Chaudhry, A., Matharu, P., Kyriakidis, C., and Greco, K. (2025). Innovative hydrogels in cutaneous wound healing: Current status and future perspectives. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1454903"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2017.01.005","article-title":"A review on polymeric hydrogel membranes for wound dressing applications: PVA-based hydrogel dressings","volume":"8","author":"Kamoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, S., Nair, A.B., Shah, J., Sreeharsha, N., Gupta, S., and Shinu, P. (2021). Emerging role of hydrogels in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and wound management. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030357"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25316","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05406","article-title":"Hydrophilic\/Hydrophobic Heterogeneity Anti-Biofouling Hydrogels with Well-Regulated Rehydration","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mredha, M.T.I., Le, H.H., Cui, J., and Jeon, I. (2020). Double-Hydrophobic-Coating through Quenching for Hydrogels with Strong Resistance to Both Drying and Swelling. Adv. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903145"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakoli, S., and Klar, A.S. (2020). Advanced Hydrogels as Wound Dressings. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081169"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lupu, A., Gradinaru, L.M., Rusu, D., and Bercea, M. (2023). Self-Healing of Pluronic\u00ae F127 Hydrogels in the Presence of Various Polysaccharides. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9090719"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, X., Tang, Q., Xu, Z., Xu, Y., Zhang, H., Zheng, D., Wang, S., Tan, Q., Maitz, J., and Maitz, P.K. (2022). Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections: From basic science to clinical practice. Burns Trauma, 10.","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac014"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, X., Huang, C., Liu, H., Chen, H., Shou, J., Cheng, H., and Liu, G. (2024). Natural hydrogel dressings in wound care: Design, advances, and perspectives. Chin. Chem. Lett., 35.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.109442"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00744-6","article-title":"Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: Advances in Treatment and Review of Established Therapies","volume":"24","author":"Frech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gounden, V., and Singh, M. (2024). Hydrogels and Wound Healing: Current and Future Prospects. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10010043"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popescu, V., Cauni, V., Petrutescu, M.S., Rustin, M.-M., Bocai, R., Turculet, C.R., Doran, H., Patrascu, T., Lazar, A.M., and Cretoiu, D. (2023). Chronic Wound Management: From Gauze to Homologous Cellular Matrix. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092457"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12687","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04206","article-title":"Functional Hydrogels as Wound Dressing to Enhance Wound Healing","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2019.1575828","article-title":"Chitosan based hybrid materials used for wound healing applications- A short review","volume":"69","author":"Jamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tudoroiu, E.E., Dinu-P\u00eervu, C.E., Kaya, M.G.A., Popa, L., Anu\u021ba, V., Prisada, R.M., and Ghica, M.V. (2021). An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121215"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aderibigbe, B.A., and Buyana, B. (2018). Alginate in Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020042"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoszewska, M., Sokolewicz, E.M., and Bara\u0144ska-Rybak, W. (2024). Wide Use of Hyaluronic Acid in the Process of Wound Healing\u2014A Rapid Review. Sci. Pharm., 92.","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm92020023"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moeini, A., Pedram, P., Makvandi, P., Malinconico, M., and Gomez d\u2019Ayala, G. (2020). Wound healing and antimicrobial effect of active secondary metabolites in chitosan-based wound dressings: A review. Carbohydr. Polym., 233.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.115839"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.202","article-title":"Multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing: Special focus on biomacromolecular based hydrogels","volume":"170","author":"Asadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Che, X., Zhao, T., Hu, J., Yang, K., Ma, N., Li, A., Sun, Q., Ding, C., and Ding, Q. (2024). Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel in Promoting Wound Healing: A Review. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16030344"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chyli\u0144ska, N., and Maciejczyk, M. (2025). Hyaluronic Acid and Skin: Its Role in Aging and Wound-Healing Processes. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11040281"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2023.2289247","article-title":"The efficient role of sodium alginate-based biodegradable dressings for skin wound healing application: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Reis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alven, S., and Aderibigbe, B.A. (2020). Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249656"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.002","article-title":"Recent progress of collagen, chitosan, alginate and other hydrogels in skin repair and wound dressing applications","volume":"208","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12683","article-title":"The humanistic and economic burden of chronic wounds: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Olsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.282136","article-title":"The relative importance of platelet integrins in hemostasis, thrombosis and beyond","volume":"108","author":"Mangin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, J., Lin, Z., Pan, Z., Huang, Y., Luo, Y., Xie, H., Yin, H., and Hu, Y. (2025). Angiogenesis in skin injury repair: Mechanisms, regulation, and therapeutic strategies. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04424-3"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, C., Jin, Y., Ding, Z., Nuch, K.S., Han, M., Shim, J., Chien, P.N., and Heo, C.Y. (2025). Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Repair: From Biology to Therapeutic Innovation. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14231850"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, S., Varkey, N.R., and Nair, A.B. (2026). Ultradeformable Vesicles for Wound Healing: Ethosomes, Transferosomes, and Transethosomes in Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030361"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Xing, J., Zhong, Y., Zhang, T., Liu, X., and Xing, D. (2024). Advanced function, design and application of skin substitutes for skin regeneration. Mater. Today Bio, 24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100918"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vecin, N.M., and Kirsner, R.S. (2023). Skin substitutes as treatment for chronic wounds: Current and future directions. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1154567"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00046J","article-title":"Designing biomimetic scaffolds for skin tissue engineering","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balavigneswaran, C.K., Selvaraj, S., Vasudha, T.K., Iniyan, S., and Muthuvijayan, V. (2023). Tissue engineered skin substitutes: A comprehensive review of basic design, fabrication using 3D printing, recent advances and challenges. Biomater. Adv., 153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213570"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bramhe, P., Rarokar, N., Kumbhalkar, R., Saoji, S., and Khedekar, P. (2024). Natural and synthetic polymeric hydrogel: A bioink for 3D bioprinting of tissue models. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 101.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106204"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elango, J., Zamora-Ledezma, C., and Mat\u00e9-S\u00e1nchez de Val, J.E. (2023). Natural vs synthetic polymers: How do they communicate with cells for skin regeneration\u2014A review. J. Compos. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7090385"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, K., Liao, M., Wang, Y., and Lu, J.R. (2025). Advances in Composite Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Applications. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11060420"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, Y., Zhou, T., Li, W., Niu, Y., and Sheu, C. (2025). Advances in Nanohybrid Hydrogels for Wound Healing: From Functional Mechanisms to Translational Prospects. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11070483"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falanga, V., Isseroff, R.R., Soulika, A.M., Romanelli, M., Margolis, D., Kapp, S., Granick, M., and Harding, K. (2022). CHRONIC WOUNDS PRIMER. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00377-3"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raziyeva, K., Kim, Y., Zharkinbekov, Z., Kassymbek, K., Jimi, S., and Saparov, A. (2021). Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050700"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12557","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wound healing: The functional role of ROS and emerging ROS-modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process","volume":"14","author":"Dunnill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt, M., Torres, M., Bachar-Wikstrom, E., and Wikstrom, J.D. (2024). Cellular and molecular roles of reactive oxygen species in wound healing. Commun. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07219-w"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butenko, S., Nagalla, R.R., Guerrero-Juarez, C.F., Palomba, F., David, L.M., Nguyen, R.Q., Gay, D., Almet, A.A., Digman, M.A., and Nie, Q. (2024). Hydrogel crosslinking modulates macrophages, fibroblasts, and their communication, during wound healing. Nat. Commun., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50072-y"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, T.C., Chang, C.C., Chan, H.P., Chung, T.W., Shu, C.W., Chuang, K.P., Duh, T.H., Yang, M.H., and Tyan, Y.C. (2022). Hydrogels: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092902"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasra, S., Patel, M., Shukla, H., Bhatt, M., and Kumar, A. (2023). Functional hydrogel-based wound dressings: A review on biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. Life Sci., 334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122232"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Zhu, Z., and Wang, S. (2025). Hydrogels and hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for promoting refractory wound healing: Applications and prospects. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 285.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138098"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Lu, J., Yuan, Z., Pi, W., Huang, X., Lin, X., Zhang, Y., Lei, H., and Wang, P. (2023). Natural Carrier-Free Binary Small Molecule Self-Assembled Hydrogel Synergize Antibacterial Effects and Promote Wound Healing by Inhibiting Virulence Factors and Alleviating the Inflammatory Response. Small, 19.","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202205528"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prete, S., Dattilo, M., Patitucci, F., Pezzi, G., Parisi, O.I., and Puoci, F. (2023). Natural and Synthetic Polymeric Biomaterials for Application in Wound Management. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14090455"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, R., Fang, Y., Zhang, Z., Cao, Y., Yan, Y., Gan, L., Xu, J., and Zhou, G. (2023). Recent Advances in Biodegradable and Biocompatible Synthetic Polymers Used in Skin Wound Healing. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155459"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, Y., and Sampath, S. (2025). Biopolymers and synthetic polymeric materials in wound healing: Cellular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Discov. Mater., 5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43939-025-00435-z"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4296-3","article-title":"Biopolymers: Applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering","volume":"45","author":"Sahana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falbo, F., Spizzirri, U.G., Restuccia, D., and Aiello, F. (2023). Natural Compounds and Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels Join Forces to Promote Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010271"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12402","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA08604J","article-title":"Herbal bioactive-loaded biopolymeric formulations for wound healing applications","volume":"15","author":"Jangra","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1039\/C7QI00707H","article-title":"Chitosan-coated cerium oxide nanocubes accelerate cutaneous wound healing by curtailing persistent inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8495-2","article-title":"Tissue integrity signals communicated by high-molecular weight hyaluronan and the resolution of inflammation","volume":"58","author":"Ruppert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Zhou, F., and Xie, W. (2025). Advances in hyaluronic acid-based biomaterials: Applications in cancer therapy, wound healing, and disease management. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 36.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-025-06946-8"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahoo, D.R., and Biswal, T. (2021). Alginate and its application to tissue engineering. SN Appl. Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-04096-w"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abazari, M.F., Gholizadeh, S., Karizi, S.Z., Birgani, N.H., Abazari, D., Paknia, S., Derakhshankhah, H., Allahyari, Z., Amini, S.M., and Hamidi, M. (2021). Recent Advances in Cellulose-Based Structures as the Wound-Healing Biomaterials: A Clinically Oriented Review. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11177769"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, Q., Gao, Q., Hu, F., Zheng, C., Chen, W., Sun, N., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., and Lu, T. (2023). Chitosan and hyaluronic-based hydrogels could promote the infected wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 232.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123271"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Chang, L., Xiong, Y., and Peng, Q. (2024). Chitosan-Based Hydrogels as Antibacterial\/Antioxidant\/Anti-Inflammation Multifunctional Dressings for Chronic Wound Healing. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 13.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401490"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Tan, S.F., Wang, Y., Wu, J., and Zhang, C. (2025). Hydrogels incorporating active compounds from traditional Chinese medicine for diabetic wound healing: Mechanistic pathways and bioengineering progress. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1666646"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardikiotis, I., Cojocaru, F.D., Mihai, C.T., Balan, V., and Dodi, G. (2022). Borrowing the Features of Biopolymers for Emerging Wound Healing Dressings: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158778"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55659","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c17142","article-title":"Improving Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing through an Injectable and Self-Healing Hydrogel with Platelet-Rich Plasma Release","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00035","article-title":"Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies for Skin Tissue Wound Healing","volume":"5","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.01.045","article-title":"A thermo- and pH-sensitive hydrogel composed of quaternized chitosan\/glycerophosphate","volume":"315","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13954","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of repair in acute and chronic wound healing","volume":"173","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, E., Tang, X., Li, X., Zhao, J., Wang, S., Wei, G., Yang, L., and Zhao, M. (2025). Bioactive multifunctional hydrogels accelerate burn wound healing via M2 macrophage-polarization, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Mater. Today Bio, 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101686"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., Cai, E., Xiang, Y., Zhang, C., Ge, X.X., Wang, J., Lan, Y., Xu, H., Hu, R., and Shen, J. (2023). An Immunomodulatory Hydrogel by Hyperthermia-Assisted Self-Cascade Glucose Depletion and ROS Scavenging for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wound Therapeutics. Adv. Mater., 35.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306632"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kharaziha, M., Baidya, A., and Annabi, N. (2021). Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing. Adv. Mater., 33.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100176"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401209","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401209","article-title":"Self-Healing, Injectable Hydrogel Dressing for Monitoring and Therapy of Diabetic Wound","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97317","article-title":"Multifunctional hydrogel-based engineered extracellular vesicles delivery for complicated wound healing","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, O.J. (2016). Cellulose: Structure and Properties. Cellulose Chemistry and Properties: Fibers, Nanocelluloses and Advanced Materials, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26015-0"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bukatuka, C.F., Mbituyimana, B., Xiao, L., Qaed Ahmed, A.A., Qi, F., Adhikari, M., Shi, Z., and Yang, G. (2025). Recent Trends in the Application of Cellulose-Based Hemostatic and Wound Healing Dressings. J. Funct. Biomater., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16050151"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.25061\/2595-3931\/IJAMB\/2018.v1i2.20","article-title":"New insights into bacterial cellulose materials: Production and modification strategies","volume":"1","author":"Horue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Med. Biotechnol.-IJAMB"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.067","article-title":"Bacterial cellulose-lignin composite hydrogel as a promising agent in chronic wound healing","volume":"118","author":"Zmejkoski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.018","article-title":"Production and characterisation of bacterial cellulose hydrogels loaded with curcumin encapsulated in cyclodextrins as wound dressings","volume":"118","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S., Zhang, X., Tang, Z., Xiao, H., Zhang, M., Liu, K., Chen, L., Huang, L., Ni, Y., and Wu, H. (2021). Mussel-inspired blue-light-activated cellulose-based adhesive hydrogel with fast gelation, rapid haemostasis and antibacterial property for wound healing. Chem. Eng. J., 417.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129329"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00226","article-title":"Composite Scaffolds Based on Bacterial Cellulose for Wound Dressing Application","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parthasarathy, V., Kumar, P.S., Aureen Albert, A., Krishnasamy, S., and Chandrasekar, M. (2025). Recent progress in nanocellulose-based biocomposites for bone tissue engineering and wound healing applications. Carbohydr. Polym., 357.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123455"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacakova, L., Pajorova, J., Bacakova, M., Skogberg, A., Kallio, P., Kolarova, K., and Svorcik, V. (2019). Versatile Application of Nanocellulose: From Industry to Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9020164"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.10.071","article-title":"Present status and applications of bacterial cellulose-based materials for skin tissue repair","volume":"92","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.10.049","article-title":"Bacterial cellulose membrane produced by Acetobacter sp. A10 for burn wound dressing applications","volume":"122","author":"Kwak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.01.093","article-title":"A physically crosslinked polydopamine\/nanocellulose hydrogel as potential versatile vehicles for drug delivery and wound healing","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, D.K., Ganguly, K., Hexiu, J., Dutta, S.D., Patil, T.V., and Lim, K.T. (2022). Functionalized chitosan\/spherical nanocellulose-based hydrogel with superior antibacterial efficiency for wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 284.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119202"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB01757C","article-title":"3D printing of nanocellulose hydrogel scaffolds with tunable mechanical strength towards wound healing application","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Li, J., Chen, S., Zhang, X., Ma, J., and He, J. (2020). Oxidized cellulose-based hemostatic materials. Carbohydr. Polym., 230.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115585"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Liu, Y., Duan, W., Cao, F., Lv, Q., Zhang, S., She, J., Yang, L., He, B., and Hou, Y. (2025). Sprayable oxidized cellulose nanofiber hydrogel with rapid hemostatic ability for skin wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143264"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shefa, A.A., Sultana, T., Park, M.K., Lee, S.Y., Gwon, J.G., and Lee, B.T. (2020). Curcumin incorporation into an oxidized cellulose nanofiber-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel system promotes wound healing. Mater. Des., 186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.108313"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-025-02143-0","article-title":"Cellulose-based nanomaterials: Innovations in wound healing and regenerative medicine","volume":"263","author":"Dudhat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, S.S., Gan, L., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Tan, Z., Shi, H., Long, L., and Li, H. (2025). Cellulose nanocrystal-based intelligent hydrogels: Innovations, challenges, and prospective application in advanced wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 316.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144752"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.109","article-title":"In vivo diabetic wound healing potential of nanobiocomposites containing bamboo cellulose nanocrystals impregnated with silver nanoparticles","volume":"105","author":"Singla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-025-06554-3","article-title":"Preparation of a cellulose nanocrystal-based hydrogel for wound healing and the antimicrobial properties","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-008-1882-2","article-title":"Rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions","volume":"286","author":"Benchabane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12622","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02015","article-title":"Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films for Healing of Full-Thickness Wounds in Normal and Diabetic Rats","volume":"3","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.160","article-title":"Carboxymethyl cellulose-based materials for infection control and wound healing: A review","volume":"164","author":"Kanikireddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, G., Dang, Q., Liu, C., Wang, X., Song, H., Gao, H., Sun, H., Zhang, B., and Cha, D. (2022). Carboxymethyl chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose based self-healing hydrogel for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119687"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhang, G., Wang, Y., Qin, X., Lu, Y., Wu, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, L., Han, J., and Yang, S. (2023). l-Arginine carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel releasing nitric oxide to improve wound healing. Eur. Polym. J., 189.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2023.111940"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cometa, S., Licini, C., Bonifacio, M.A., Mastrorilli, P., Mattioli-Belmonte, M., and De Giglio, E. (2022). Carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel film combined with berberine as an innovative tool for chronic wound management. Carbohydr. Polym., 283.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119145"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, H., Shi, G., Wang, R., Jiang, X., Chen, Q., Yu, A., and Lu, A. (2024). Bioinspired wet adhesive carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel with rapid shape adaptability and antioxidant activity for diabetic wound repair. Carbohydr. Polym., 334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122014"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hivechi, A., Joghataei, M.T., Bahrami, S.H., Milan, P.B., Amoupour, M., Latifi, N., Haramshahi, S.M.A., Naderi Gharahgheshlagh, S., and Nezari, S. (2023). Oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose\/gelatin in situ gelling hydrogel for accelerated diabetic wound healing: Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo investigations. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 242.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125127"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, J.W., Park, D.J., Kim, S.C., Kang, H.W., Lee, B., Kim, H.W., Kim, Y.M., Linh, N.V., and Jung, W.K. (2025). Wound healing effect of fucoidan-loaded gelatin\/oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 286.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138254"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18317","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA00135D","article-title":"l-Carnosine loaded on carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels for promoting wound healing","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Ma, Y., Meng, Q., Yang, Y., Zhang, R., Zhong, S., Gao, Y., He, W., and Cui, X. (2024). Photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization for curcumin delivery and wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 275.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133558"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.018","article-title":"Cellulose based nanocomposite hydrogel films consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose-grapefruit seed extract nanoparticles for potential wound healing applications","volume":"148","author":"Koneru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghilan, A., Nita, L.E., Pamfil, D., Simionescu, N., Tudorachi, N., Rusu, D., Rusu, A.G., Bercea, M., Rosca, I., and Ciolacu, D.E. (2022). One-Step Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Phytic Acid Hydrogels with Potential for Biomedical Applications. Gels, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8100647"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Samad, L.M., Hassan, M.A., Basha, A.A., El-Ashram, S., Radwan, E.H., Abdul Aziz, K.K., Tamer, T.M., Augustyniak, M., and El Wakil, A. (2022). Carboxymethyl cellulose\/sericin-based hydrogels with intrinsic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties promote re-epithelization of diabetic wounds in rats. Int. J. Pharm., 629.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122328"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2018.10.022","article-title":"Fabrication of heparinized nano ZnO\/poly(vinylalcohol)\/carboxymethyl cellulose bionanocomposite hydrogels using artificial neural network for wound dressing application","volume":"70","author":"Joorabloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong, W.J., Shen, S., Li, Y., Trinchi, A., Pejak Simunec, D., Kyratzis, I., Sola, A., and Wen, C. (2023). Biodegradable PLA-ZnO nanocomposite biomaterials with antibacterial properties, tissue engineering viability, and enhanced biocompatibility. Smart Mater. Manuf., 1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smmf.2022.100004"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palem, R.R., Kim, B.J., Baek, I., Choi, H., Suneetha, M., Shimoga, G., and Lee, S.H. (2024). In situ fabricated ZnO nanostructures within carboxymethyl cellulose-based ternary hydrogels for wound healing applications. Carbohydr. Polym., 334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122020"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2022.2098306","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin by impeding TNF-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u00df pathways: Antiangiogenic activity of simvastatin and simvastatin-loaded silver nanoparticles","volume":"50","author":"Buabeid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseini, S.M.R., Heydari, P., Namnabat, M., Nasr Azadani, R., Azimi Gharibdousti, F., Mousavi Rizi, E., Khosravi, A., Zarepour, A., and Zarrabi, A. (2024). Carboxymethyl cellulose\/sodium alginate hydrogel with anti-inflammatory capabilities for accelerated wound healing; In vitro and in vivo study. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 976.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176671"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5532","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00815","article-title":"Enhanced Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Dressings","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, C., Wang, J., Gan, W., Qin, X., Yang, R., and Chen, X. (2022). Therapeutic potential of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells in chronic wound healing. Front. Surg., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1030288"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, X., Qi, Y., Liu, X., Shi, Y., Li, H., and Zhao, L. (2022). A multifunctional antibacterial and self-healing hydrogel laden with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Biomater. Adv., 133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112613"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jantrawut, P., Bunrueangtha, J., Suerthong, J., and Kantrong, N. (2019). Fabrication and Characterization of Low Methoxyl Pectin\/Gelatin\/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Absorbent Hydrogel Film for Wound Dressing Applications. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12101628"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QM01141G","article-title":"Synergistic photothermal antibacterial therapy enabled by multifunctional nanomaterials: Progress and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Gong, M., Zhan, Y., Yu, Z., Shen, C., Zhang, Y., Yu, L., and Chen, Z. (2023). Integrated photo-inspired antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol\/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel dressings for pH real-time monitoring and accelerated wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 238.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124123"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Yu, X., You, T., Zhao, B., Dong, L., Huang, C., Zhou, X., Xing, M., Qian, W., and Luo, G. (2024). 3D Printing-Based Hydrogel Dressings for Wound Healing. Adv. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404580"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.115","article-title":"3D-printed antioxidant antibacterial carboxymethyl cellulose\/\u03b5-polylysine hydrogel promoted skin wound repair","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, D., Li, W., Zhao, S., Tao, Z., Liu, K., Liu, Q., Kong, W., Zhu, S., and Sun, Y. (2025). Carboxymethyl cellulose-enhanced recombinant human collagen hydrogel promotes hemostasis and wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144458"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200460587","article-title":"Cellulose: Fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material","volume":"44","author":"Klemm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.040","article-title":"Hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel for wound dressing: Fabrication, characterization and in vitro evaluation","volume":"111","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demyashkin, G., Sataieva, T., Shevkoplyas, L., Kuevda, T., Ahrameeva, M., Parshenkov, M., Mimuni, A., Pimkin, G., Atiakshin, D., and Shchekin, V. (2024). Burn Wound Healing Activity of Hydroxyethylcellulose Gels with Different Water Extracts Obtained from Various Medicinal Plants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Rabbits. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168990"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M.H., and Mondal, M.I.H. (2026). Sugarcane bagasse cellulose-derived hydroxyethyl cellulose-based biocomposite films reinforced with curcumin extracts for skin wound care applications. Mater. Today Chem., 52.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2026.103416"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasathkumar, M., George, A., and Sadhasivam, S. (2024). Influence of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose modifications towards the design of cross-linked double networks hydrogel for diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 265.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130851"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Lin, Y., Li, S., Huang, X., Wen, N., Long, J., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Lin, T., and Yu, X. (2026). Hydroxyethyl cellulose-guided self-assembled pH-independent antibacterial hydrogel for MRSA-infected wound therapy. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 349.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.150978"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Wei, X., Peng, H., Yang, Y., Hu, Z., Rao, Y., Wang, Z., Dou, J., Huang, X., and Hu, Q. (2024). LysSYL-Loaded pH-Switchable Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Promote Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Elimination and Wound Healing. Adv. Mater., 36.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412154"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b08799","article-title":"Injectable, Quaternized Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Composite Hydrogel Coordinated by Mesocellular Silica Foam for Rapid, Noncompressible Hemostasis and Wound Healing","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, M., Han, L., Yan, B., and Zeng, H. (2023). Self-healing hydrogels based on reversible noncovalent and dynamic covalent interactions: A short review. Supramol. Mater., 2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supmat.2023.100045"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, L., and Huang, J. (2025). Recent Progress in Hydrogel Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11060456"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, K.T., Nguyen, C.T., Lac, T.D., Nguyen, L.G.T., Tran, T.L., and Tran-Van, H. (2023). Facilely preparing carboxymethyl chitosan\/hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel films for protective and sustained release of fibroblast growth factor 2 to accelerate dermal tissue repair. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 82.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104318"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Won, S.Y., Rao, K.M., and Han, S.S. (2025). Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose\/tannic acid-impregnated bacterial cellulose hydrogels for wound dressing applications. Appl. Surf. Sci., 713.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.164312"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-022-04622-6","article-title":"Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based electrically conductive, mechanically resistant, strain-sensitive self-healing hydrogels","volume":"29","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salleh, K.M., Zakaria, S., Zainul Armir, N.A., Khairunnisa-Atiqah, M.K., and Wang, B. (2024). Electrovalent effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose on regeneration of empty fruit bunch cellulose to a superabsorbent hydrogel. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 278.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134816"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tudoroiu, E.E., Albu Kaya, M.G., Dinu-P\u00eervu, C.E., Popa, L., Anu\u021ba, V., Ignat, M., Visileanu, E., Kaya, D.A., Prisada, R.M., and Ghica, M.V. (2025). Development of Smart pH-Sensitive Collagen-Hydroxyethylcellulose Films with Naproxen for Burn Wound Healing. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18050689"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.03.142","article-title":"Mechanical biomimetic silk nano fiber-magnesium ion complex\/hydroxyethylcellulose\/glycerol hydrogel dressing with angiogenic capacity for accelerating scarless diabetic wound healing","volume":"667","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novosad, Y.A., Shabunin, A.S., Enukashvily, N.I., Supilnikova, O.V., Konkina, A.I., Semenova, N.Y., Yatsemirsky, G.S., Zinoviev, E.V., Rodionova, K.N., and Kryshen, K.L. (2024). The Wound-Healing Effect of a Novel Fibroblasts-Impregnated Hydroxyethylcellulose Gel in a Rat Full-Thickness Burn Model: A Preclinical Study. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102215"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2021.2008786","article-title":"Wound closure, angiogenesis and antibacterial behaviors of tetracalcium phosphate\/hydroxyethyl cellulose\/hyaluronic acid\/gelatin composite dermal scaffolds","volume":"33","author":"Derakhshani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blinov, A.V., Kachanov, M.D., Gvozdenko, A.A., Nagdalian, A.A., Blinova, A.A., Rekhman, Z.A., Golik, A.B., Vakalov, D.S., Maglakelidze, D.G., and Nagapetova, A.G. (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Biopolymers for Application in Wound-Healing Mixed Gels. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9010057"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, L., Han, Y., Xu, J., and Wang, T. (2022). Preparation and study of cellulose-based ZnO NPs@HEC\/C-\u03b2-CD\/Menthol hydrogel as wound dressing. Biochem. Eng. J., 184.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2022.108488"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arafa, A.A., Nada, A.A., Ibrahim, A.Y., Zahran, M.K., and Hakeim, O.A. (2021). Greener therapeutic pH-sensing wound dressing based on Curcuma Longa and cellulose hydrogel. Eur. Polym. J., 159.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2021.110744"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salah, R.S., Elsayed, G.H., El-Hussieny, M., Mousa, M.R., and Dacrory, S. (2026). Formulation film based on zinc acetate\/cellulose with anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, and remodeling abilities for enhancing burn healing. Sci. Rep., 16.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27021-w"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tundisi, L.L., Mosta\u00e7o, G.B., Carricondo, P.C., and Petri, D.F.S. (2021). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: Physicochemical properties and ocular drug delivery formulations. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 159.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105736"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amanzholkyzy, A., Zhumagaliyeva, S., Sultanova, N., Abilov, Z., Ongalbek, D., Donbayeva, E., Niyazbekova, A., and Mukazhanova, Z. (2025). Hydrogel Delivery Systems for Biological Active Substances: Properties and the Role of HPMC as a Carrier. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061354"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, P., Svirskis, D., Waterhouse, G.I.N., and Wu, Z. (2023). Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Bioadhesive Hydrogels for Topical Application and Sustained Drug Release: The Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Physicomechanical Properties of Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092360"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew-Steiner, S.S., Roy, S., and Sen, C.K. (2021). Collagen in Wound Healing. Bioengineering, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8050063"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03625-w","article-title":"Fish collagen for skin wound healing: A systematic review in experimental animal studies","volume":"388","author":"Parisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2018.1429437","article-title":"Curcumin loaded fish scale collagen-HPMC nanogel for wound healing application: Ex-vivo and In-vivo evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Pathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-02860-8","article-title":"Porous Swellable Hypromellose Composite Fortified with Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Hydrophobic\/Hydrophilic Phenolic-rich Extract to Mitigate Dermal Wound Infections","volume":"31","author":"Chidrawar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c01212","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic Acid-Loaded Poloxamer and HPMC-Based In Situ Forming Gel of Acacia Honey for Improved Wound Dressing: Formulation Optimization and Characterization for Wound Treatment","volume":"8","author":"Jha","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villabona-Martinez, V., Sampaio, L.P., Shiju, T.M., and Wilson, S.E. (2023). Standardization of corneal alkali burn methodology in rabbits. Exp. Eye Res., 230.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109443"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, Z., Zhao, Y., Guo, T., Liang, S., and Chen, Z. (2024). Development and Evaluation of a Diclofenac-Loaded Thermogel for Topical Treatment of Corneal Alkali Burns. Macromol. Mater. Eng., 309.","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202400164"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S237294","article-title":"Effects of Topical Insulin on Wound Healing: A Review of Animal and Human Evidences","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanchetta, F.C., De Wever, P., Morari, J., Gaspar, R.C., Prado, T.P.D., De Maeseneer, T., Cardinaels, R., Ara\u00fajo, E.P., Lima, M.H.M., and Fardim, P. (2024). In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Chitosan\/HPMC\/Insulin Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications. Bioengineering, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11020168"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasution, H., Harahap, H., Dalimunthe, N.F., Ginting, M.H.S., Jaafar, M., Tan, O.O.H., Aruan, H.K., and Herfananda, A.L. (2022). Hydrogel and Effects of Crosslinking Agent on Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: A Review. Gels, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8090568"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nangare, S., Vispute, Y., Tade, R., Dugam, S., and Patil, P. (2021). Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid. Future J. Pharm. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00203-9"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.027","article-title":"Fabrication, characterization and drug loading efficiency of citric acid crosslinked NaCMC-HPMC hydrogel films for wound healing drug delivery applications","volume":"134","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973X.177810","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel membranes supplemented with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers for wound dressing","volume":"6","author":"Prabu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00379","article-title":"Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms with Nanomolar Photosensitizer Concentrations","volume":"6","author":"Vinagreiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C., Lu, Y., Pang, J., and Li, L. (2024). A hemostatic sponge derived from chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 150.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.106240"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Hong, Y., Shen, L., Wu, F., and Lin, X. (2021). Multifunctional Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech, 22.","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01909-4"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raafat, A.I., Ali, A.E., and Hassan, A.A. (2025). Radiation development and hemostatic performance of innovative hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based sponge dressings for controlling severe hemorrhagic wounds. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.139132"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/jrptps.JRPTPS_100_20","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of the novel herbal antibacterial gel to the treatment of cutaneous burn infections","volume":"10","author":"Bagheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Rep. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edayadulla, N., and Sundari, C.S. (2024). Role of stabilizing agent role in nanomaterials (NM). Sustainable Green Synthesised Nano-Dimensional Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications, Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003362241-3"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33734","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b14090","article-title":"Combination of the Silver-Ethylene Interaction and 3D Printing To Develop Antibacterial Superporous Hydrogels for Wound Management","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kammona, O., Tsanaktsidou, E., and Kiparissides, C. (2024). Recent Developments in 3D-(Bio)printed Hydrogels as Wound Dressings. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10020147"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.04.017","article-title":"Development and evaluation of wound healing hydrogels based on a quinolone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and biodegradable microfibres","volume":"89","author":"Agubata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, Y., Fu, X., Yang, C., Yin, P., and Lei, T. (2025). Functional hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based thermosensitive hydrogels: Biomineralization, procoagulant and antibacterial properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 318.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145325"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.077","article-title":"Hypromellose succinate-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel films for potential wound dressing","volume":"91","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitpisutkul, V., and Prachayawarakorn, J. (2022). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose\/carboxymethyl starch\/zinc oxide porous nanocomposite films for wound dressing application. Carbohydr. Polym., 298.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120082"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitpisutkul, V., and Prachayawarakorn, J. (2024). Porous antimicrobial crosslinked film of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose\/carboxymethyl starch incorporating gallic acid for wound dressing application. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 256.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128231"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.04.019","article-title":"Coumestrol\/hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin association incorporated in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel exhibits wound healing effect: In vitro and in vivo study","volume":"119","author":"Bianchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaramudu, T., Varaprasad, K., Pyarasani, R.D., Reddy, K.K., Akbari-Fakhrabadi, A., Carrasco-S\u00e1nchez, V., and Amalraj, J. (2021). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-copper nanoparticle and its nanocomposite hydrogel films for antibacterial application. Carbohydr. Polym., 254.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117302"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Sousa Victor, R., Marcelo da Cunha Santos, A., Viana de Sousa, B., de Ara\u00fajo Neves, G., Navarro de Lima Santana, L., and Rodrigues Menezes, R. (2020). A Review on Chitosan\u2019s Uses as Biomaterial: Tissue Engineering, Drug Delivery Systems and Cancer Treatment. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13214995"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alemu, D., Getachew, E., and Mondal, A.K. (2023). Study on the Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan and their Applications in the Biomedical Sector. Int. J. Polym. Sci., 2023.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5025341"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., and Zhuang, S. (2020). Antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives and their interaction mechanism with bacteria: Current state and perspectives. Eur. Polym. J., 138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2020.109984"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S. (2018). Competitive Biological Activities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Int. J. Polym. Sci., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1708172"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb6010033","article-title":"Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides","volume":"6","author":"Azuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Wan, J., Chen, D., Yu, B., and He, J. (2021). Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in IPEC-J2 Cells by Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Signalling Pathway. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030569"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.075","article-title":"Fabrication of Apigenin loaded gellan gum-chitosan hydrogels (GGCH-HGs) for effective diabetic wound healing","volume":"91","author":"Shukla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-023-08951-0","article-title":"A temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with taxifolin promotes skin repair by modulating MAPK-mediated autophagic pathway","volume":"58","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Xu, R., Han, X., Tong, L., Xiong, L., Liang, J., Sun, Y., Zhang, X., and Fan, Y. (2023). Protocatechuic acid-mediated injectable antioxidant hydrogels facilitate wound healing. Compos. Part B Eng., 250.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110451"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Liu, Y., Cai, K., Zhang, B., Tang, S., Zhang, W., and Liu, W. (2021). Antibacterial polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressing containing plant essential oil for burn wound healing. Burns Trauma, 9.","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkab041"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Bian, S., Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Zhai, X., Pan, H., and Zhao, X. (2020). Catechol modified quaternized chitosan enhanced wet adhesive and antibacterial properties of injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel for wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116826"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.007","article-title":"Facile formation of injectable quaternized chitosan\/tannic acid hydrogels with antibacterial and ROS scavenging capabilities for diabetic wound healing","volume":"195","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Yan, Z., Chen, H., Chen, L., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wang, D., Pan, Y., and Guo, L. (2025). Protamine-loaded quaternized chitosan hydrogel dressing featuring antibacterial and antioxidant properties for promoting postoperative periodontal wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 330.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148259"},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"298","article-title":"A bioactive composite hydrogel dressing that promotes healing of both acute and chronic diabetic skin wounds","volume":"34","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.165","article-title":"Doxycycline drug delivery using hydrogels of O-carboxymethyl chitosan conjugated with caffeic acid and its composite with polyacrylamide synthesized by electron beam irradiation","volume":"154","author":"Dadfarnia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Souza, C.M., Garcia, M.T., de Barros, P.P., Pedroso, L.L.C., Ward, R., Strixino, J.F., Melo, V.M.M., and Junqueira, J.C. (2020). Chitosan enhances the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by Photoditazine\u00ae against Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther., 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102001"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24095","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c02089","article-title":"Ultrafast Fabrication of Self-Healing and Injectable Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Dressing for Wound Healing","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhang, N., Meng, G., He, J., and Wu, F. (2020). The effect of form of carboxymethyl-chitosan dressings on biological properties in wound healing. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 194.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111191"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0142osi\u0144ski, K.K., Wach, R.A., Kruczkowska, W., Duda, \u0141., Ko\u0142at, D., Ka\u0142uzi\u0144ska-Ko\u0142at, \u017b., Arkuszewski, P.T., and Pasieka, Z.W. (2023). Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels for Effective Wound Healing-An Animal Study. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14090473"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.153","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan derivative and povidone-iodine complex as a potent antiseptic with enhanced wound healing property","volume":"182","author":"Abueva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2023.11.002","article-title":"Quaternized chitosan \/ Pluronic F127 thermosensitive hydrogel with high antibacterial properties for wound dressing","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Zhang, H., Yang, X., Zhang, W., Jiang, M., Wen, T., Wang, J., Guo, R., and Liu, H. (2021). Preparation and Application of Quaternized Chitosan- and AgNPs-Base Synergistic Antibacterial Hydrogel for Burn Wound Healing. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26134037"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1710702","article-title":"A novel peptide from the skin of amphibian Rana limnocharis with potency to promote skin wound repair","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.012","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis of N-succinyl chitosan-collagen peptide copolymer and its characterization","volume":"166","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, A., Yang, Y., Du, S., Yang, X., Pang, S., Wang, X., and Yang, S. (2021). Preparation of a recombinant collagen-peptide (RHC)-conjugated chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for wound healing. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl., 119.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111555"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21994","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c02547","article-title":"Chitosan-Based Hydrogel for the Dual Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents Against Bacterial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm-Infected Wounds","volume":"6","author":"Fasiku","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W., Ding, X., Zhang, H., Liu, Z., Han, Y., Wei, Q., Okoro, O.V., Shavandi, A., and Nie, L. (2024). Recent Advances of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Skin-Wound Dressings. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10030175"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Qiu, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., and Gou, D. (2023). Chitosan-based hydrogel wound dressing: From mechanism to applications, a review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 244.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125250"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albarqi, H.A., Alqahtani, A.A., Ullah, I., Khan, N.R., Basit, H.M., Iftikhar, T., Wahab, A., Ali, M., and Badar, M. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Physically Cross-Linked Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Membrane Doped with Curcumin as a Novel Wound Healing Platform. AAPS PharmSciTech, 23.","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-022-02222-y"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng, H., Jia, W., Li, M., and Chen, Z. (2022). New injectable chitosan-hyaluronic acid based hydrogels for hemostasis and wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 294.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119767"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20776","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NJ04016A","article-title":"A facile and large-scale synthesis of a PVA\/chitosan\/collagen hydrogel for wound healing","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, J., Jiao, W., Chen, Z., Wang, C., Song, X., Ma, L., Tang, Z., Yan, W., Xie, H., and Yuan, B. (2023). Injectable multifunctional chitosan\/dextran-based hydrogel accelerates wound healing in combined radiation and burn injury. Carbohydr. Polym., 316.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121024"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.04.126","article-title":"Engineered 3D-scaffolds of photocrosslinked chitosan-gelatin hydrogel hybrids for chronic wound dressings and regeneration","volume":"78","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xing, C., Hou, L., Sun, C., Chen, H., Li, Y., Li, L., Wu, Y., Li, L., An, H., and Wen, Y. (2025). Injectable polypeptide\/chitosan hydrogel with loaded stem cells and rapid gelation promoting angiogenesis for diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 306.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141578"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c00112","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide\/carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels Modulate Macrophage Polarization for Wound Healing","volume":"26","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, Y.A., Ozaltin, K., Bernal-Ballen, A., and Di Martino, A. (2021). Chitosan-alginate hydrogels for simultaneous and sustained releases of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and vancomycin for combination therapy. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102126"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-020-00173-z","article-title":"Carboxymethyl Chitosan\/Starch\/CuO Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Amoxicillin","volume":"6","author":"Gholamali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. Eng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehmood, Y., Shahid, H., Arshad, N., Rasul, A., Jamshaid, T., Jamshaid, M., Jamshaid, U., Uddin, M.N., and Kazi, M. (2023). Amikacin-Loaded Chitosan Hydrogel Film Cross-Linked with Folic Acid for Wound Healing Application. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070551"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, M., Zamiri, S., Samadian, H., Ai, J., Foroutani, L., Ai, A., and Khanmohammadi, M. (2021). Chitosan hydrogel loaded with Aloe vera gel and tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the wound healing material: In vitro and in vivo study. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 138.","DOI":"10.1002\/app.50225"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14759","article-title":"Resveratrol-coated chitosan mats promote angiogenesis for enhanced wound healing in animal model","volume":"48","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Yang, J., Liu, W., Ding, Q., Sun, S., Zhang, S., Wang, N., Wang, Y., Xi, S., and Liu, C. (2023). A phellinus igniarius polysaccharide\/chitosan-arginine hydrogel for promoting diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126014"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2023.2234181","article-title":"Development of chitosan-hyaluronic acid based hydrogel for local delivery of doxycycline hyclate in an ex vivo skin infection model","volume":"34","author":"Ardika","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, S., Liu, R., Zhang, M., Wang, B., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., and Wang, H. (2025). Multifunctional chitosan-gelatin hydrogel inspired by traditional Chinese medicine for promoting malignant wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 316.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144461"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.123","article-title":"A composite sponge based on alkylated chitosan and diatom-biosilica for rapid hemostasis","volume":"182","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.08.033","article-title":"Physical properties and antibacterial activity of quaternized chitosan\/carboxymethyl cellulose blend films","volume":"65","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Qi, Y., Jiang, Y., Quan, W., Luo, H., Wu, K., Li, S., and Ouyang, Q. (2022). Progress in Research of Chitosan Chemical Modification Technologies and Their Applications. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080536"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, M., Zeng, X., Lin, Q., Wang, Y., Wei, H., Yang, S., Wang, G., Chen, X., Guo, M., and Yang, X. (2024). Characterization of Chitosan-Gallic Acid Graft Copolymer for Periodontal Dressing Hydrogel Application. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 13.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302877"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, F., Pham, D.T.N., Oloketuyi, S.F., Manivasagan, P., Oh, J., and Kim, Y.M. (2020). Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 185.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110627"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-09602-0","article-title":"Applications of cellulose and chitin\/chitosan derivatives and composites as antibacterial materials: Current state and perspectives","volume":"103","author":"Khattak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.131","article-title":"Carboxymethyl chitosan: Properties and biomedical applications","volume":"120","author":"Shariatinia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.060","article-title":"A self-healing hydrogel based on oxidized microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan as wound dressing material","volume":"221","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00061C","article-title":"A chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel for accelerating infected wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/macromol2030022","article-title":"Advances in alkylated chitosan and its applications for hemostasis","volume":"2","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.085","article-title":"Blood coagulation evaluation of N-alkylated chitosan","volume":"173","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.01.060","article-title":"Expanding Hydrophobically Modified Chitosan Foam for Internal Surgical Hemostasis: Safety Evaluation in a Murine Model","volume":"239","author":"Logun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., and Zhuang, S. (2022). Chitosan-based materials: Preparation, modification and application. J. Clean. Prod., 355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131825"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/1023666X.2018.1553348","article-title":"3D scaffolds prepared from acylated chitosan applicable in skin regeneration\u2014Synthesis and characterization","volume":"24","author":"Janus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, Y., Ahmed, I., Irfan, M.F., Chatha, S.A.S., Zubair, M., and Ullah, A. (2023). Recent advances in chitosan-based materials; The synthesis, modifications and biomedical applications. Carbohydr. Polym., 321.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121318"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01374","article-title":"Phosphorylated Chitosan Hydrogels Inducing Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts via JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Wang, X., Duan, Y., Wu, T., Guo, X., Zhang, T., Li, Z., Cao, W., Zhu, J., and Sun, Y. (2026). Cellulose-inspired anisotropic hydrogen bond-enhanced strong and tough poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan hydrogel for chronic wound healing. Mater. Des., 263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2026.115591"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palen\u010d\u00e1rov\u00e1, K., K\u00f6szagov\u00e1, R., and Nah\u00e1lka, J. (2025). Hyaluronic Acid and Its Synthases-Current Knowledge. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157028"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Liu, X., Li, C., Li, J., Qiu, M., Wang, Y., and Han, W. (2025). Effects of molecular weights on the bioactivity of hyaluronic acid: A review. Carbohydr. Res., 552.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2025.109472"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabbari, F., Babaeipour, V., and Saharkhiz, S. (2023). Comprehensive review on biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights and its biomedical applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 240.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124484"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Dong, J., Pan, R., Xu, Z., Li, M., and Zang, R. (2023). Structures, Properties, and Bioengineering Applications of Alginates and Hyaluronic Acid. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15092149"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, L., Li, M., Xu, A., and Zhuo, F. (2024). Recent applications and molecular mechanisms of hyaluronic acid in skin aging and wound healing. Med. Nov. Technol. Devices, 23.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2024.100320"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menko, A.S., Romisher, A., and Walker, J.L. (2022). The Pro-fibrotic Response of Mesenchymal Leader Cells to Lens Wounding Involves Hyaluronic Acid, Its Receptor RHAMM, and Vimentin. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.862423"},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"78","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid in Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Litwiniuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2806","article-title":"Conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures: The next generation for regenerative medicine","volume":"13","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Zheng, Y., Shu, F., Zhou, R., Bao, B., Xiao, S., Li, K., Lin, Q., Zhu, L., and Xia, Z. (2022). In situ-formed adhesive hyaluronic acid hydrogel with prolonged amnion-derived conditioned medium release for diabetic wound repair. Carbohydr. Polym., 276.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118752"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Chen, L., Ren, D.Y., Feng, Z.X., Zhang, L.Y., Zhong, Y.F., Jin, M.Y., Xu, F.W., Feng, C.Y., and Du, Y.Z. (2022). Mussel-inspired collagen-hyaluronic acid composite scaffold with excellent antioxidant properties and sustained release of a growth factor for enhancing diabetic wound healing. Mater. Today Bio, 15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100320"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.11.030","article-title":"Functionalization of hyaluronic acid hydrogels with ECM-derived peptides to control myoblast behavior","volume":"84","author":"Panitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijksteel, G.S., Ulrich, M.M.W., Middelkoop, E., and Boekema, B. (2021). Review: Lessons Learned From Clinical Trials Using Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.616979"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1039\/D5BM00567A","article-title":"Development of a bioactive hyaluronic acid hydrogel functionalised with antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of chronic wounds","volume":"13","author":"Petit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58329","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c16738","article-title":"Ultrashort Peptides and Hyaluronic Acid-Based Injectable Composite Hydrogels for Sustained Drug Release and Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaffari-Bohlouli, P., Simi\u0144ska-Stanny, J., Jafari, H., Mirzaei, M., Nie, L., Delporte, C., and Shavandi, A. (2023). Printable hyaluronic acid hydrogel functionalized with yeast-derived peptide for skin wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 232.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123348"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaleghi, M., Haghi, F., Gholami, M., Hourfar, H., Shahi, F., Mir Mousavi Zekoloujeh, A., Aliakbari, F., Ahmadi, E., and Morshedi, D. (2023). A fabricated hydrogel of hyaluronic acid\/curcumin shows super-activity to heal the bacterial infected wound. AMB Express, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-023-01533-y"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evtyugin, D.D., Magina, S., and Evtuguin, D.V. (2020). Recent Advances in the Production and Applications of Ellagic Acid and Its Derivatives. A Review. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122745"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhasani, R.H. (2025). Enhanced skin regeneration in diabetic wounds using collagen-hyaluronic acid scaffold incorporated with epigallocatechin gallate: A multifactorial healing approach. Histochem. Cell Biol., 163.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-025-02439-5"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criollo-Mendoza, M.S., Contreras-Angulo, L.A., Leyva-L\u00f3pez, N., Guti\u00e9rrez-Grijalva, E.P., Jim\u00e9nez-Ortega, L.A., and Heredia, J.B. (2023). Wound Healing Properties of Natural Products: Mechanisms of Action. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020598"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, J., Xu, K., Xu, H., Ji, J., Qian, Y., and Shen, J. (2024). Advances in Gas Therapeutics for Wound Healing: Mechanisms, Delivery Materials, and Prospects. Small Struct., 5.","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202300151"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c00904","article-title":"Composite Hyaluronic Acid Gas-Entrapping Materials to Promote Wound Healing","volume":"26","author":"Witt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.05.011","article-title":"A hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a mild photothermal antibacterial, antioxidant, and nitric oxide release platform for diabetic wound healing","volume":"370","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01583","article-title":"Nitric Oxide-Releasing Hyaluronic Acid as an Antibacterial Agent for Wound Therapy","volume":"22","author":"Maloney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5608","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00647","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid-Based Antibacterial Hydrogels for Use as Wound Dressings","volume":"5","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlSalem, H.S., and Bukhari, A.A.H. (2023). Biodegradable wound dressing-based collagen\/hyaluronic acid loaded antibacterial agents for wound healing application. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 242.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124700"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castrej\u00f3n-Comas, V., Matar\u00f3, N., Resina, L., Zanuy, D., Nu\u00f1ez-Aulina, Q., S\u00e1nchez-Mor\u00e1n, J., Enshaei, H., Arnau, M., Mu\u00f1oz-Gal\u00e1n, H., and Worch, J.C. (2025). Electro-responsive hyaluronic acid-based click-hydrogels for wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122941"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, A., Goswami, S., Hazarika, G., Sivaprakasam, S., Bhattacharjee, S., and Manna, D. (2024). Sulfonium-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel: Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier with Inherent Antibacterial Activity to Counteract Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 13.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302790"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.04.014","article-title":"Photo-responsive supramolecular hyaluronic acid hydrogels for accelerated wound healing","volume":"323","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.05.047","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-based glucose-responsive antioxidant hydrogel platform for enhanced diabetic wound repair","volume":"147","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Huang, J., Zhao, J., Peng, L., Qi, L., Wu, T., He, J., Gao, Y., and Zhou, Y. (2025). Dual stimuli-responsive and self-healing hyaluronic acid-based nanocomposite hydrogels for promoting wound healing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145829"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na, K.S., Kim, D., Kim, H., Koh, W.G., and Lee, H.J. (2024). The combined effect of epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor delivered by hyaluronic acid hydrogel on corneal wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 270.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132365"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, J., Ding, L., Gao, X., Chi, Z., Ma, S., He, L., and Xiong, Y. (2025). Innovative MRSA-infected wound repair strategy: NIR-triggered controllable NO releasing from plant extracts quercetin composite chitosan\/hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 319.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145326"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayyar, Z., Mahdavinia, G.R., and Khataee, A. (2023). Dual-drug (Curcumin\/Ciprofloxacin) loading and release from chitosan-based hydrogels embedded with magnetic Montmorillonite\/Hyaluronic acid for enhancing wound healing. J. Biol. Eng., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-023-00385-1"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhillar, A., and Jaiswal, A. (2025). Hyaluronic Acid-Based Self-Healing Hydrogels for Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404255"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omidian, H., Wilson, R.L., and Gill, E.J. (2024). Advancements and Challenges in Self-Healing Hydrogels for Wound Care. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10040241"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.057","article-title":"Injectable adaptive self-healing hyaluronic acid\/poly (\u03b3-glutamic acid) hydrogel for cutaneous wound healing","volume":"127","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.093","article-title":"In situ formed collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogel as biomimetic dressing for promoting spontaneous wound healing","volume":"101","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.09.076","article-title":"In situ gelation strategy based on ferrocene-hyaluronic acid organic copolymer biomaterial for exudate management and multi-modal wound healing","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Zhang, X., Yang, K., Fu, Y.V., Xu, T., Li, S., Zhang, D., Wang, L.N., and Lee, C.S. (2020). A Novel Double-Crosslinking-Double-Network Design for Injectable Hydrogels with Enhanced Tissue Adhesion and Antibacterial Capability for Wound Treatment. Adv. Funct. Mater., 30.","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201904156"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Si, H., Xing, T., Ding, Y., Zhang, H., Yin, R., and Zhang, W. (2019). 3D Bioprinting of the Sustained Drug Release Wound Dressing with Double-Crosslinked Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Hydrogels. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11101584"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, D., Yip, R.C.S., Xie, W., and Chen, H. (2025). Injectable Salecan\/hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with antibacterial, rapid self-healing, pH-responsive and controllable drug release capability for infected wound repair. Carbohydr. Polym., 347.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122750"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Ai, R., Liu, B.Z., and He, L. (2024). Tea polyphenol nano-crosslinked dynamical hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 282.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136856"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-025-01043-6","article-title":"Development of 3D-printed PCL scaffolds enriched with hyaluronic acid and gallic acid for wound dressing","volume":"8","author":"Guldorum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W.T., and Lin, W.J. (2025). Advanced hyaluronic acid-modified niosomes for percutaneous delivery of resveratrol in the treatment of aged skin. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 325.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147250"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Xie, Z., Hu, J., and Liu, Y. (2021). Hyaluronic acid nanofiber mats loaded with antimicrobial peptide towards wound dressing applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl., 128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112319"},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadisi, Z., Farokhi, M., Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R., Jahanshahi, M., Hasanpour, S., Pagan, E., Dolatshahi-Pirouz, A., Zhang, Y.S., Kundu, S.C., and Akbari, M. (2020). Hyaluronic Acid (HA)-Based Silk Fibroin\/Zinc Oxide Core-Shell Electrospun Dressing for Burn Wound Management. Macromol. Biosci., 20.","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201900328"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Francesco, F., Riccio, M., and Jimi, S. (2022). Contribution of Topical Agents such as Hyaluronic Acid and Silver Sulfadiazine to Wound Healing and Management of Bacterial Biofilm. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58060835"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.311","article-title":"Alginate hydrogel dressings for advanced wound management","volume":"162","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.080","article-title":"Calcium ion cross-linked sodium alginate hydrogels containing deferoxamine and copper nanoparticles for diabetic wound healing","volume":"202","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maji, K., Dasgupta, S., Bhaskar, R., and Gupta, M.K. (2020). Photo-crosslinked alginate nano-hydroxyapatite paste for bone tissue engineering. Biomed. Mater., 15.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ab9551"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32821","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA06410F","article-title":"Cu(ii)-alginate-based superporous hydrogel catalyst for click chemistry azide-alkyne cycloaddition type reactions in water","volume":"10","author":"Bahsis","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01100","article-title":"Oxime Cross-Linked Alginate Hydrogels with Tunable Stress Relaxation","volume":"20","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2024.0081","article-title":"Alginate Formulation for Wound Healing Applications","volume":"14","author":"Alrata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Ullah, N., Ahmed, W., Haider, A., James-Ocloo, O.S., Lv, Z., Zhang, X., Han, X., Wei, Y., and Hu, Y. (2026). Multifunctional alginate based hydrogel beads dressing for chronic wound healing: A review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 339.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149853"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282241238581","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of curcumin-loaded alginate hydrogel on skin wound healing: A gene expression analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassani, M.S., Salehi, M., Ehterami, A., Mahami, S., Bitaraf, F.S., and Rahmati, M. (2023). Evaluation of collagen type I and III, TGF-\u03b21, and VEGF gene expression in rat skin wound healing treated by alginate\/chitosan hydrogel containing crocetin. Biochem. Eng. J., 195.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2023.108895"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azam, F., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, S., Zafar, M.S., and Ulker, Z. (2023). Synthesis and characterization of natural fibers reinforced alginate hydrogel fibers loaded with diclofenac sodium for wound dressings. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124623"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamel, S., Dacrory, S., Hesemann, P., Bettache, N., Ali, L.M.A., Postel, L., Akl, E.M., and El-Sakhawy, M. (2023). Wound Dressings Based on Sodium Alginate-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Moringa oleifera Extracts. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041270"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahid, M., Lodhi, M., Afzal, A., Rehan, Z.A., Mehmood, M., Javed, T., Shabbir, R., Siuta, D., Althobaiti, F., and Dessok, E.S. (2021). Development of Hydrogels with the Incorporation of Raphanus sativus L. Seed Extract in Sodium Alginate for Wound-Healing Application. Gels, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7030107"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, T., Younas, U., Saleem, A., Maqbool, T., Nazir, A., Altaf, A., and Pervaiz, M. (2026). Integration of Phytogenic Ag\/Fe3O4 NPs Into Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate Hydrogels With Enhanced Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Wound Healing Properties. ChemistrySelect, 11.","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202506434"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, Y., Amin, F., Usman, Y., and Farrukh Sarfraz, M. (2024). Alginate-Based hydrogels with inorganic Nanomaterials: A promising approach for wound healing and bone tissue regeneration. Eur. Polym. J., 212.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2024.113057"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurek, \u0141., Ku\u015b, M., Jurak, J., Rybka, M., Kuczeriszka, M., Stradczuk-Mazurek, M., and Konop, M. (2025). Biomedical potential of alginate wound dressings-From preclinical studies to clinical applications: A review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 309.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142908"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Wang, J., Zhang, H., and Zhang, X. (2025). Advances in graphene oxide-based polymeric wound dressings for wound healing. Front. Mater., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2025.1635502"},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbu, A., Neamtu, B., Z\u0103han, M., Iancu, G.M., Bacila, C., and Mire\u0219an, V. (2021). Current Trends in Advanced Alginate-Based Wound Dressings for Chronic Wounds. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090890"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahadoran, M., Shamloo, A., and Nokoorani, Y.D. (2020). Development of a polyvinyl alcohol\/sodium alginate hydrogel-based scaffold incorporating bFGF-encapsulated microspheres for accelerated wound healing. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64480-9"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Kang, Y., Wang, T., Li, C., Shen, S., Qu, C., Gong, S., Liu, P., Yang, L., and Liu, J. (2022). Alginate microspheres-collagen hydrogel, as a novel 3D culture system, enhanced skin wound healing of hUCMSCs in rats model. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112799"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.032","article-title":"A hydrogen sulfide-releasing alginate dressing for effective wound healing","volume":"104","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-022-10039-z","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: A comparative and economical therapy for wound healing and tissue regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15631","article-title":"Sodium alginate\/gelatin hydrogels loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing in diabetic rats","volume":"22","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Lu, Z., Li, M., Hurren, C., and Wang, D. (2024). Photopolymerized multifunctional sodium alginate-based hydrogel for antibacterial and coagulation dressings. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 260.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129428"},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00727","article-title":"Incorporation of ZnO\/Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles into Alginate\/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels for Wound Closure","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Qiao, X., Han, W., Jiang, T., Liu, F., and Zhao, X. (2021). Alginate-chitosan oligosaccharide-ZnO composite hydrogel for accelerating wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym., 266.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118100"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mawazi, S.M., Kumar, M., Ahmad, N., Ge, Y., and Mahmood, S. (2024). Recent Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Antibacterial, Anticancer, Wound Healing, and Tissue Engineering Fields. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16101351"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, W.T., Chen, L.R., and Chen, K.H. (2024). The bioengineering application of hyaluronic acid in tissue regeneration and repair. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 270.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132454"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB02331J","article-title":"Multifunctional cellulose-based hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00731-6","article-title":"Accelerating healing of excisional wound with alginate hydrogel containing naringenin in rat model","volume":"11","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larijani, G., Lotfi, A., Barati, S., Janzadeh, A., Abediankenari, S., Faghihi, F., and Amini, N. (2025). The effect of chitosan\/alginate hydrogel loaded quercetin on wound healing in diabetic rat model. J. Mol. Histol., 56.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10508-1"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, P., Wu, J., Chang, Z., Yang, F., Zhang, X., Hou, K., Ping, D., and Li, S. (2025). Sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with Capparis spinosa L. extract for antimicrobial and antioxidant wound dressing applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 289.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138883"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.248","article-title":"Bioinspired sodium alginate based thermosensitive hydrogel membranes for accelerated wound healing","volume":"155","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishfaq, B., Khan, I.U., Khalid, S.H., and Asghar, S. (2023). Design and evaluation of sodium alginate-based hydrogel dressings containing Betula utilis extract for cutaneous wound healing. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1042077"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, C., Zhou, Z., Zhang, S., Peng, P., Liu, J., Yan, Y., and Dong, J. (2022). Sulfonated, quaternized, and chlorogenic acid composited sodium alginate hydrogels\/Eucommia ulmoides rubber films as in vitro antibacterial wound dressings for accelerating wound healing. Ind. Crops Prod., 190.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115885"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10395","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00283","article-title":"Benlysta-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel and Its Selective Functions in Promoting Skin Cell Growth and Inhibiting Inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.02.032","article-title":"Chitosan\/alginate hydrogels containing Alpha-tocopherol for wound healing in rat model","volume":"51","author":"Ehterami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Xu, J., Dong, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, C., Li, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, Q., Chen, S., and Peng, Q. (2023). Drug-free and non-crosslinked chitosan\/hyaluronic acid hybrid hydrogel for synergistic healing of infected diabetic wounds. Carbohydr. Polym., 314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120962"},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v8i4.618","article-title":"3D-Printed Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogel Dressings for Burn Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Study","volume":"8","author":"Fayyazbakhsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, A.K., Gupta, V.K., Hart, P., and Thakur, V.K. (2024). Cellulose-alginate hydrogels and their nanocomposites for water remediation and biomedical applications. Environ. Res., 243.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117889"},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Zheng, A., Mao, Z., Li, F., Su, T., Cao, L., Wang, W., Liu, Y., and Wang, C. (2023). Silk fibroin\u2013gelatin photo-crosslinked 3D-bioprinted hydrogel with MOF-methylene blue nanoparticles for infected wound healing. Int. J. Bioprinting, 9.","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.773"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.126","article-title":"Electrospun PVA\/hyaluronic acid\/L-arginine nanofibers for wound healing applications: Nanofibers optimization and in vitro bioevaluation","volume":"164","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.05.027","article-title":"ROS scavenging and immunoregulative EGCG@Cerium complex loaded in antibacterial polyethylene glycol-chitosan hydrogel dressing for skin wound healing","volume":"166","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9603","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S218120","article-title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated GelMA Hydrogel Promotes Angiogenesis For Wound Healing Applications","volume":"14","author":"Rehman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801386","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201801386","article-title":"Bioinspired Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Protsak, I.S., and Morozov, Y.M. (2025). Fundamentals and Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications: A Review. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010030"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Liang, Y., Huang, S., and Guo, B. (2024). Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel dressing for wound healing. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 332.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103267"},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH00891F","article-title":"Designing self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8768","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB01074J","article-title":"In situ formation of injectable hydrogels for chronic wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.028","article-title":"Degradable conductive injectable hydrogels as novel antibacterial, anti-oxidant wound dressings for wound healing","volume":"362","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Liang, X., Wang, G., Wang, X., and Chen, Y. (2025). Emerging Bioprinting for Wound Healing. Adv. Mater., 37.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304738"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2025.2540362","article-title":"Next-generation smart wound dressings: AI integration, biosensors, and electrospun nanofibers for chronic wound therapy","volume":"37","author":"Palani","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Zhao, H., Wang, Z., Lin, X., Pi, W., Zhang, X., Yang, L., Yao, S., Zhang, Y., and Huang, X. (2024). Glucose Epimerization-Modulated Phytochemicals Constructing Carrier-Free Hydrogel for Regulation of Macrophage Phenotype to Promote Wound Healing. Adv. Funct. Mater., 34.","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202314089"},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carballo-Pedrares, N., Fuentes-Boquete, I., D\u00edaz-Prado, S., and Rey-Rico, A. (2020). Hydrogel-Based Localized Nonviral Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine Approaches\u2014An Overview. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080752"},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomi\u0107, S.L., Babi\u0107 Radi\u0107, M.M., Vukovi\u0107, J.S., Filipovi\u0107, V.V., Nikodinovic-Runic, J., and Vukomanovi\u0107, M. (2023). Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030177"},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2018.1558933","article-title":"Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals, gelatin, hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel as wound dressing","volume":"30","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00695","article-title":"Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Composite Hydrogels with Applications for Chronic Diabetic Wound Repair","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Sah, D.K., Khanna, K., Rai, Y., Yadav, A.K., Ansari, M.S., and Bhatt, A.N. (2023). A calcium and zinc composite alginate hydrogel for pre-hospital hemostasis and wound care. Carbohydr. Polym., 299.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120186"},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, Y., Hu, Y., Yang, P., Xie, X., and Fang, B. (2022). Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration. Mater. Today Bio, 18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100522"},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01472-w","article-title":"Hydrogels for RNA delivery","volume":"22","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henn, D., Zhao, D., Sivaraj, D., Trotsyuk, A., Bonham, C.A., Fischer, K.S., Kehl, T., Fehlmann, T., Greco, A.H., and Kussie, H.C. (2023). Cas9-mediated knockout of Ndrg2 enhances the regenerative potential of dendritic cells for wound healing. Nat. Commun., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40519-z"},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Cha, R., Wu, Z., Zhang, C., He, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, K., Fareed, M.S., Wang, Z., and Yang, C. (2023). An injectable, natural peptide hydrogel with potent antimicrobial activity and excellent wound healing-promoting effects. Nano Today, 49.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101801"},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128333493241014134711","article-title":"Chitosan-grafted Graphene Materials for Drug Delivery in Wound Healing","volume":"31","author":"Hosseini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM01352A","article-title":"Injectable smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Pioneering advancements in biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2020.1838518","article-title":"Biopolymers and treatment strategies for wound healing: An insight view","volume":"71","author":"Raina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khattak, S., Ullah, I., Sohail, M., Akbar, M.U., Rauf, M.A., Ullah, S., Shen, J., and Xu, H.T. (2025). Endogenous\/exogenous stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels for diabetic wound healing. Aggregate, 6.","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.688"},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2021.30.Sup2.S3","article-title":"Innovation in wound care products: A FDA regulatory perspective","volume":"30","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ianev, D., Mori, M., Vigani, B., Valentino, C., Ruggeri, M., Sandri, G., and Rossi, S. (2025). Substance-Based Medical Device in Wound Care: Bridging Regulatory Clarity and Therapeutic Innovation. Polymers, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18010129"},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggeri, M., Bianchi, E., Rossi, S., Vigani, B., Bonferoni, M.C., Caramella, C., Sandri, G., and Ferrari, F. (2020). Nanotechnology-Based Medical Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions: From Research to the Clinic. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090815"},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bento, C.S.A., Gaspar, M.C., Coimbra, P., de Sousa, H.C., and Braga, M.E.M. (2023). A review of conventional and emerging technologies for hydrogels sterilization. Int. J. Pharm., 634.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671"},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6270","DOI":"10.1039\/D5BM01305D","article-title":"Effects of irradiation sterilization on the physicochemical and functional properties of commercial biomedical hydrogels","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0002","article-title":"Effect of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization on Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Compared with Gamma Radiation","volume":"26","author":"Pohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, I., Marques, A.C., Costa, P.C., and Amaral, M.H. (2023). Effects of Steam Sterilization on the Properties of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Based Hydrogels. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9050385"},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, J.G., White, L.R., Estrela, P., and Leese, H.S. (2021). Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles: Current Advancements and Future Trends. Macromol. Biosci., 21.","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202170003"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, P., Zhou, Z., Ding, J., Dou, Z., Lu, B., Nan, K., and Yang, Y. (2026). Wearable devices for detection and treatment of chronic wounds. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2026.103171"},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakur, A., Sharma, R., Sharma, R., and Devi, A. (2026). Stimuli-Responsive Bioactive Hydrogels: Smart Platforms for Regenerative Medicine and Controlled Therapeutics. J. Pharm. Innov., 21.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-026-10455-8"},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raza, S., Wang, L., Yu, H., Haroon, M., Malik, M.O., Basit, A., Awan, K.M., and Ahmad, D. (2026). Recent research progress in stimuli responsive hydrogels for the diabetic wound treatment: A review of current state and future perspectives. Emergent Mater., 9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-026-01427-2"},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0091","article-title":"Image-Based Artificial Intelligence in Wound Assessment: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Anisuzzaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lameirinhas, N.C., Carvalho, J.P.F., Silvestre, A.J.D., Vilela, C., Zavan, B., Sivolella, S., Ronca, A., Teixeira, M.C., Lameirinhas, N.S., and Carvalho, J.P.F. (2022). A Guide to Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126564"},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatimi, A., Okoro, O.V., Podstawczyk, D., Siminska-Stanny, J., and Shavandi, A. (2022). Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Gels, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8030179"},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, A.K., Verma, D., Thakkar, S., Rana, Y., Banerjee, J., Bhatia, D., and Banerjee, S. (2025). Pioneering 3D and 4D Bioprinting Strategies for Advanced Wound Management: From Design to Healing. Small, 21.","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506259"},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01207A","article-title":"The fabrication of a highly efficient self-healing hydrogel from natural biopolymers loaded with exosomes for the synergistic promotion of severe wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafalu, P., Tamayol, A., Rahimi, R., Ochoa, M., Khalilpour, A., Kiaee, G., Yazdi, I.K., Bagherifard, S., Dokmeci, M.R., and Ziaie, B. (2018). Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Small, 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201703509"},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vo, D.K., and Trinh, K.T.L. (2025). Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Wound Healing and Infection Monitoring. Biosensors, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15030139"},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.066","article-title":"A carrier-free, dual-functional hydrogel constructed of antimicrobial peptide Jelleine-1 and 8Br-cAMP for MRSA infected diabetic wound healing","volume":"151","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik, A., and Wilczy\u0144ski, S. (2025). Hydrogel Materials for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Polymers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17212862"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/8\/1210\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T01:46:08Z","timestamp":1785721568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/8\/1210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":369,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph19081210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph19081210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}