{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:14:09Z","timestamp":1786115649504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004911","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Piau\u00ed","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["315096\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315096\/2023-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["315096\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315096\/2023-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026zht694","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus are closely associated with increased oxidative stress and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antiglycation potential of hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HCD) and diosmetin-7-O-glucoside (DCD) formulations complexed with cyclodextrins, using in vitro and in silico experimental models to evaluate their efficacy in mitigating hyperglycemia-induced molecular damage. Methods: Antioxidant activity was assessed using chemical and erythrocyte-based oxidative stress models, whereas antiglycation activity was evaluated in BSA\u2013fructose, BSA\u2013methylglyoxal, and arginine\u2013methylglyoxal models. Results: Both formulations showed measurable antioxidant effects, with concentration-dependent behavior observed in some of the evaluated assays. In the DPPH assay, HCD and DCD achieved maximum inhibition values of 30.71% and 26.61%, respectively. Furthermore, DCD exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity (102.80 \u00b5g vitamin C equivalents\/mL) and nitric oxide scavenging activity (37.89%) than HCD. In a cellular model, both formulations (200 \u00b5g\/mL) significantly reduced AAPH-induced hemolysis, with DCD providing superior protection (7.05% vs. 16.63% for HCD). Under oxidative stress induced by high glucose concentration in erythrocytes, HCD and DCD reduced non-protein thiol levels, and HCD significantly increased catalase enzyme activity. Regarding antiglycation activity, DCD demonstrated superior efficacy relative to HCD in the BSA-fructose system, achieving 43.23% inhibition. DCD also displayed concentration-dependent inhibition of fructosamine formation (up to 47.99%) and BSA glycation by methylglyoxal (up to 45.20%). Both formulations significantly reduced carbonylated protein levels and preserved free thiol groups. In the arginine\u2013methylglyoxal model, DCD and HCD reached 44.03% and 48.82% inhibition, respectively. Molecular docking revealed high binding affinity of both flavonoids to the protein active site (\u22129.00 kcal\/mol for hesperetin-7-O-glucoside and \u22129.04 kcal\/mol for diosmetin-7-O-glucoside), suggesting a structural protective role. Conclusions: The HCD and DCD formulations demonstrated antioxidant and antiglycation activities that may contribute to attenuating molecular alterations associated with chronic hyperglycemia through complementary mechanisms, including antioxidant effects, protection against protein carbonylation, and inhibition of glycation. While these findings highlight the potential of the evaluated formulations, additional mechanistic and in vivo studies are required to establish their pharmacological applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19081224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:42:36Z","timestamp":1785850956000},"page":"1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Oxidative Stress by Hesperetin-7-O-Glucoside and Diosmetin-7-O-Glucoside Complexed with Cyclodextrins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Moreira","family":"Tavares Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAFMOL\u2013Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Soriano","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioLeish\u2013Advanced Research in Leishmania and Alternative Models, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce Lopes","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ot\u00e1vio Carvalho Sena","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAFMOL\u2013Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clailson","family":"da Silva Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAFMOL\u2013Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando A\u00e9cio de Amorim","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioLeish\u2013Advanced Research in Leishmania and Alternative Models, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo da Rocha","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAFMOL\u2013Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Federal Institute of Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64000-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dami\u00e3o Pergentino","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Dias Rufino","family":"Arcanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAFMOL\u2013Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2025). IDF Diabetes Atlas, International Diabetes Federation. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodacki, M., Teles, M., Gabbay, M., Montenegro, R., Bertoluci, M., and Lamounier, R. (2023). Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do diabetes. Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes.","DOI":"10.29327\/557753.2022-1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwu057","article-title":"Glycoxidation of Biological Macromolecules: A Critical Approach to Halt the Menace of Glycation","volume":"24","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111750","article-title":"Novel advances in inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation using natural compounds","volume":"140","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8609213","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8609213","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2020","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.019","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and related complications: Current therapeutics strategies and future perspectives","volume":"184","author":"Bhatti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140683","article-title":"The role of methylglyoxal and the glyoxalase system in diabetes and other age-related diseases","volume":"128","author":"Maessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1606","article-title":"The critical role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase 1 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"63","author":"Rabbani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5010194","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Nowotny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107282","article-title":"Activation and modulation of the AGEs-RAGE axis: Implications for inflammatory pathologies and therapeutic interventions\u2014A review","volume":"206","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25911","DOI":"10.1002\/qua.25911","article-title":"A density functional theory study of the free-radical scavenging activity of aminoguanidine. Comparison with its reactive carbonyl compound and metal scavenging activities","volume":"119","author":"Ramis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.10.017","article-title":"Polyphenols with antiglycation activity and mechanisms of action: A review of recent findings","volume":"25","author":"Yeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c08052","article-title":"Vitexin inhibits protein glycation through structural protection, methylglyoxal trapping, and alteration of glycation site","volume":"69","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Biological activities of flavonoids: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Karak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.11.018","article-title":"Cyclodextrins: Structure, physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical applications","volume":"535","author":"Jansook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.125599","article-title":"State of the art in cyclodextrin solubility enhancement. Are green solvents the solution?","volume":"410","author":"Kfoury","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.04.042","article-title":"Complexation of resveratrol with cyclodextrins: Solubility and antioxidant activity","volume":"113","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.05.078","article-title":"Optimization of \u03b2-cyclodextrin-based extraction of antioxidant and anti-browning activities from thyme leaves by response surface methodology","volume":"265","author":"Favre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platzer, M., Kiese, S., Tybussek, T., Herfellner, T., Schneider, F., Schweiggert-Weisz, U., and Eisner, P. (2022). Radical scavenging mechanisms of phenolic compounds: A quantitative structure\u2013property relationship (QSPR) study. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.882458"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, S.S., Lee, S.H., and Lee, K.A. (2022). A comparative study of hesperetin, hesperidin and hesperidin glucoside: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities in vitro. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081618"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"354","article-title":"Review of the antioxidant potential of flavonoids as a subgroup of polyphenols and partial substitute for synthetic antioxidants","volume":"13","author":"Hassanpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.J., Lee, S.H., Hong, S.K., Gil, B.I., and Lee, K.A. (2024). In vitro biological activities of hesperidin-related compounds with different solubility. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060727"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8648","DOI":"10.1021\/jf502359x","article-title":"Intracellular antioxidant detoxifying effects of diosmetin on 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation","volume":"62","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15429\/jkomor.2022.22.1.1","article-title":"Hesperidin and hesperetin protect against oxidative stress on hepatic toxicity in rats","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37265","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037265","article-title":"Red blood cells as biomarkers and mediators in complications of diabetes mellitus: A review","volume":"103","author":"Obeagu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turpin, C., Catan, A., Guerin-Dubourg, A., Debussche, X., Bravo, S.B., \u00c1lvarez, E., Van Den Elsen, J., Meilhac, O., Rondeau, P., and Bourdon, E. (2020). Enhanced oxidative stress and damage in glycated erythrocytes. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235335"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-414037","article-title":"Sickle hemoglobin disturbs normal coupling among erythrocyte O2 content, glycolysis, and antioxidant capacity","volume":"121","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10253","article-title":"Ebselen exhibits glycation-inhibiting properties and protects against osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes in vitro","volume":"38","author":"Soares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489795","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7489795","article-title":"Association of glycemic indices (hyperglycemia, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia) with oxidative stress and diabetic complications","volume":"2020","author":"Papachristoforou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203721666200210103304","article-title":"Glycation and antioxidants: Hand in the glove of antiglycation and natural antioxidants","volume":"21","author":"Khanam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05284-x","article-title":"High glucose concentrations induce oxidative stress by inhibiting Nrf2 expression in rat M\u00fcller retinal cells in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Salceda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116068","article-title":"Influence of hydroxyl substitution on the inhibition of flavonoids in advanced glycation end-products formation in glucose-lysine-arginine Maillard reaction models","volume":"207","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C.Y., Lu, C.H., Wu, C.H., Li, K.J., Kuo, Y.M., Hsieh, S.C., and Yu, C.L. (2020). The development of Maillard reaction, and advanced glycation end product (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling inhibitors as novel therapeutic strategies for patients with AGE-related diseases. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235591"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muraoka, M.Y., Justino, A.B., Caixeta, D.C., Queiroz, J.S., Sabino-Silva, R., and Salmen Espindola, F. (2022). Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262369"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18828","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191118828","article-title":"Kinetics of glycoxidation of bovine serum albumin by glucose, fructose and ribose and its prevention by food components","volume":"19","author":"Galiniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Orgado, J., Mart\u00ednez-Vega, M., Silva, L., Romero, A., De Hoz-Rivera, M., Villa, M., and Del Pozo, A. (2023). Protein carbonylation as a biomarker of oxidative stress and a therapeutic target in neonatal brain damage. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101839"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2298\/JSC0909867A","article-title":"The role of the thiol group in protein modification with methylglyoxal","volume":"74","author":"Acimovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Serbian Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.226","article-title":"Mechanistic inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation and aldose reductase activity by naringenin: Binding, enzyme kinetics and molecular docking analysis","volume":"159","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Va\u0161kov\u00e1, J., Kov\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, G., Pudelsk\u00fd, J., Palen\u010d\u00e1r, D., and Mi\u010dkov\u00e1, H. (2025). Methylglyoxal formation\u2014Metabolic routes and consequences. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020212"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2019","article-title":"Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, in diabetes, its vascular complications, and other age-related diseases","volume":"100","author":"Schalkwijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12152","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504132x","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits advanced glycation end product formation by trapping methylglyoxal and glyoxal","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.694106","article-title":"Protective effects of hesperidin derivatives and their stereoisomers against advanced glycation end-products formation","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.12.042","article-title":"New insights into the efficiency of thymol synergistic effect with p-cymene in inhibiting advanced glycation end products: A multi-way analysis based on spectroscopic and electrochemical methods in combination with molecular docking study","volume":"150","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"283","article-title":"Site specificity of glycation and carboxymethylation of bovine serum albumin by fructose","volume":"33","author":"Hinton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapoor, M.P., Moriwaki, M., Minoura, K., Timm, D., Abe, A., and Kito, K. (2022). Structural Investigation of Hesperetin-7-O-Glucoside Inclusion Complex with \u03b2-Cyclodextrin: A Spectroscopic Assessment. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175395"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbab139","article-title":"Bioavailability comparison between a compound comprising hesperetin-7-glucoside with \u03b2-cyclodextrin and a mixture of hesperidin and dextrin in healthy adult human males","volume":"85","author":"Moriyaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbad051","article-title":"Increased bioavailability of diosmetin-7-glucoside-\u03b3-cyclodextrin inclusion complex compared with diosmin in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"87","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Rufino, M.S.M., Alves, R.E., Brito, E.S., Morais, S.M., Sampaio, C.G., P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez, J., and Saura-Calixto, F.D. (2007). Metodologia cient\u00edfica: Determina\u00e7\u00e3o da atividade antioxidante total em frutas pela captura do radical livre DPPH. Embrapa Agroind\u00fastria Tropical, Comunicado T\u00e9cnico, Embrapa."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","article-title":"Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Application to the determination of vitamin E","volume":"269","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.70902","article-title":"Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health","volume":"4","author":"Kurian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.10.007","article-title":"Antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder against 2,2\u2032-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis and oxidative damage to erythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V92277","article-title":"Aminoguanidine inhibits advanced glycation end products formation on beta2-microglobulin","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.08.013","article-title":"Use of aminoguanidine (Pimagedine) to prevent the formation of advanced glycation end products","volume":"419","author":"Thornalley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"111","article-title":"Methods: A new protocol for in vitro red blood cell glycation","volume":"264","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.02.018","article-title":"Micro-method for the determination of glutathione in human blood","volume":"964","author":"Giustarini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Beutler, E. (1975). Red Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods, Grune & Stratton."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.032","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-glycation capacities of some medicinal plants and their potential inhibitory against digestive enzymes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"215","author":"Franco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.12.2460","article-title":"Mechanism of fructosamine assay: Evidence against role of superoxide as intermediate in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction","volume":"39","author":"Baker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86141-H","article-title":"Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins","volume":"186","author":"Levine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(58)90014-6","article-title":"A colorimetric method for determining low concentrations of mercaptans","volume":"74","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01355","article-title":"Hepatoprotective properties of a polyphenol-enriched fraction from Annona crassiflora Mart. fruit peel against diabetes-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress","volume":"65","author":"Justino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.105782","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of gallocatechin gallate affecting protein glycation","volume":"105","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256","article-title":"AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility","volume":"30","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Trott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/8\/1224\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1785989482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/8\/1224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph19081224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph19081224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}}}