{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T10:28:03Z","timestamp":1786616883667,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","award":["RGP 2\/06\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP 2\/06\/47"]}]},{"award":["RGP 2\/06\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP 2\/06\/47"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052kwzs30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in men globally and there is an urgent need for new immune-based approaches because many traditional therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-androgens, have limitations. Due to their distinct physicochemical and biological features, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are emerging as a potential nanoplatform for the development of strategies in prostate cancer therapy. These features include tunable size, shape, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and high surface-to-volume ratio, which result in enhanced drug loading, targeted delivery and improved bioavailability. In addition, AuNPs can also be functionalized for active targeting to promote selective accumulation in tumors while minimizing systemic toxicity. In addition, the intrinsic optical and photothermal properties of these nanoparticles allow them to serve for PTT, radiosensitization and multimodal imaging, i.e., CT (computed tomography) and photoacoustic imaging. These have shown potential in pre-clinical and clinical evaluation but face issues with long-term toxicity, biodistribution and large-scale manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the organizing features, functional properties, therapeutic activities and translational potentials of AuNPs in prostate cancer treatment, with emphasis on their contributions towards precision nanomedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19081273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:45:06Z","timestamp":1786545906000},"page":"1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gold Nanoparticles in Prostate Cancer: Advances in Targeted Therapy, Diagnostics, and Precision Nanomedicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4643-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umme","family":"Hani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Al","family":"Hamod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73213, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noura Al","family":"Hamood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8368-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Alhamhoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3555-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ghazwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4819-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9478-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helal A.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz Ali M.","family":"Osmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024","article-title":"Nano-oncology revisited: Insights on precise therapeutic advances and challenges in tumor","volume":"5","author":"Teng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fundam. 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