{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T05:26:32Z","timestamp":1786771592464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200178"]}]},{"award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200178"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Campus france","award":["HC PAVLE SAVIC 2023: 49400T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HC PAVLE SAVIC 2023: 49400T"]}]},{"award":["HC PAVLE SAVIC 2023: 49400T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HC PAVLE SAVIC 2023: 49400T"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wtce741","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 3: Good Health and Well-Being"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006kxhp52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Verbena officinalis has long been used in traditional medicine for treating skin disorders, yet its potential in advanced wound-dressing systems remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to characterize V. officinalis extracts obtained using different solvents, evaluate their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and wound-healing activities, and develop electrospun polycaprolactone\u2013polyethylene glycol (PCL\u2013PEG) nanofibers as a delivery platform for the most active extract. Methods: Extracts were chemically characterized by LC\u2013MS and evaluated against clinical bacterial, yeast, and dermatophyte isolates associated with skin infections. Antibiofilm activity was assessed against Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The most active hydroalcoholic extract (EW7.5) was incorporated into PCL\u2013PEG nanofibers (1\u201310%, w\/w). Metabolite release was monitored by semi-quantitative LC\u2013MS analysis. Cytotoxicity and wound-healing activity were evaluated using HaCaT keratinocytes, while in vivo efficacy was assessed in a full-thickness excisional wound model in Dark Agouti rats (five animals per group in two independent experiments). Results: EW7.5 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, with MIC values of 0.06 mg\/mL against all tested bacterial and Candida strains and 0.06\u20130.5 mg\/mL against dermatophytes. It inhibited S. lugdunensis biofilm formation by 79.43% at MIC\/4 and reduced pre-formed biofilm biomass by 64.98% at 2 \u00d7 MBC. EW7.5 and EW7.5-loaded nanofibers showed no cytotoxicity up to 400 \u03bcg\/mL. In the scratch assay, the free extract achieved 42.34 \u00b1 1.58% wound closure, while nanofibers containing 10% EW7.5 achieved 25.87 \u00b1 2.52%, compared to 7.73 \u00b1 0.07% for the control. In vivo, EW7.5-loaded membranes significantly accelerated wound closure and the 10% formulation significantly improved extracellular matrix deposition and vascular remodeling compared to the control membrane. Conclusions: EW7.5-loaded PCL\u2013PEG nanofibers combine antimicrobial, antibiofilm, biocompatible, and wound-healing properties, supporting their potential as multifunctional wound dressings. Nevertheless, further studies with mechanistic investigations are required to fully establish their therapeutic applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19081278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:47:11Z","timestamp":1786625231000},"page":"1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Verbena officinalis Extract as Multifunctional Bioactive Wound Dressings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikoleta","family":"\u0110or\u0111evski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Medical Military Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u0106iri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uro\u0161","family":"Ga\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-5490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Delnatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2913-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhael","family":"Bechelany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Tucovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Kula\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"\u010caki\u0107-Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4159-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Stojkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\/National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. 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