{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:16:59Z","timestamp":1788225419118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x3cxs03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"MSD International GmBH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHIAFCat1-11001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is a promising therapeutic target for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and [18F]FPEB is a PET radioligand developed for imaging central mGluR5 receptor availability. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution, kinetic characteristics, and radiation dosimetry of [18F]FPEB in healthy Asian subjects and to evaluate the feasibility of reference tissue models as alternatives to conventional blood-based kinetic modeling. Methods: Five healthy Asian male volunteers underwent whole-body and dynamic brain PET imaging following administration of [18F]FPEB. Radiation dosimetry was estimated using OLINDA\/EXM software. Tracer kinetics were analyzed using both blood-based compartmental models and reference tissue models to derive regional binding potentials (BPND) and volumes of distribution. Model performance was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results: The mean whole-body effective radiation dose was 0.703 mSv\/mCi, with the gallbladder identified as the critical organ receiving the highest absorbed dose (5.63 mGy\/mCi). Brain time\u2013activity curves demonstrated the highest tracer uptake in the nucleus accumbens, followed by the cingulate gyrus, putamen, and insula, with moderate uptake in the thalamus and globus pallidus and the lowest uptake in the brainstem and cerebellum. Using the simplified reference tissue models (SRTM\/SRTM2), the highest BPND values were observed in the nucleus accumbens, followed by the cingulate gyrus, putamen, and insula. In contrast, two-tissue compartment models (2TCM\/2TCM-C) showed the highest BPND values in the hippocampus, followed by the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus. Although differences were observed in the absolute BPND values and regional ranking, both modeling approaches identified similar brain regions with high mGluR5 binding. Conclusions: [18F]FPEB demonstrated a favorable radiation dosimetry profile and supports the feasibility of reference tissue models for BPND estimation in healthy Asian subjects. These findings provide preliminary baseline data, although validation in larger cohorts is needed to confirm the pharmacokinetic characteristics and modeling approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:05:26Z","timestamp":1788224726000},"page":"1375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biodistribution, Radiation Dosimetry, and Kinetic Modeling of [18F]FPEB PET Imaging of mGluR5 in Healthy Asian Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wanying","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Beishan","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Tong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sidney W. K.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"},{"name":"Advanced Medicine Imaging Pte. Ltd., 1 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138622, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Soon","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ruban","family":"Poopalalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Darren Liang-Khai","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Riffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chih-Liang","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Asad abu Bakar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., MSD International GmBH, Singapore 049910, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4655-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren Wan-Teck","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Singhealth Investigational Medicine Unit, Singhealth, Singapore 168582, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"David Chee Eng","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGrath, T., Baskerville, R., Rogero, M., and Castell, L. 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