{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:16:35Z","timestamp":1788261395524,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate how the temporal dynamics of polyp regression influence 24-month outcomes in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated with as-needed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Methods: Sixty-three eyes of 63 patients were included. All patients initially received three monthly intravitreal injections of either aflibercept (2 mg) or brolucizumab, followed by as-needed treatment for 24 months. The selection of a VEGF inhibitor depends on time. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was performed at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months in all patients. Results: Among the 63 eyes, complete regression was observed in 39 eyes (61.9%) at 3 months. Of these 39 eyes, 29 eyes (46.0%) maintained complete regression at 12 months. Among the 24 eyes that did not show complete regression at 3 months, 5 eyes (20.8%) achieved complete regression at 12 months. Visual acuity improved over 24 months regardless of the timing of regression. Early regression at 3 months was associated with fewer additional injections during the first year. In contrast, regression at 12 months\u2014rather than at 3 months\u2014was more strongly associated with fewer additional injections during the second year. Conclusions: The most recent status of the polypoidal lesion was associated with the number of additional injections during the corresponding 12-month period, suggesting that ICGA-based assessment may be important for predicting treatment responsiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1788258738000},"page":"1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Dynamics of Polyp Regression and Retreatment Burden in As-Needed VEGF Inhibitor Therapy: A 24-Month Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Misa","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3821, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Sakurada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3821, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3821, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Kotoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3821, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo 409-3821, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.047","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients","volume":"144","author":"Maruko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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