{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:14:38Z","timestamp":1788430478717,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402101\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402101\/2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["402101\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402101\/2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UEPG\u2014Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027s08w94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Brazilian Piper species are chemically diverse sources of volatile metabolites, yet direct comparative datasets integrating complementary analytical and biological endpoints remain limited. Methods: This study compared hydrodistilled essential oils (EOs) from Piper amalago, P. diospyrifolium, P. grazielae, and P. solmsianum using GC-MS, HPTLC fingerprinting, qualitative HPTLC-DPPH visualization, in vitro cytotoxicity screening, and behavioral assays with imported fire ants. Results: GC-MS revealed distinct chemical profiles among the four analyzed EOs. P. solmsianum was dominated by monoterpenes, mainly \u03b2-pinene (28.21%) and myrcene (24.73%); P. diospyrifolium was characterized by trans-\u03b2-caryophyllene (22.06%); and P. grazielae by germacrene D (14.06%), trans-\u03b2-caryophyllene (12.53%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.50%). P. amalago showed a mixed terpene profile containing bicyclogermacrene (11.00%), spathulenol (9.21%), and \u03b2-phellandrene (8.12%). HPTLC generated visually discriminative fingerprints that complemented the GC-MS profiles and identified chromatographic zones for subsequent compound-level characterization. Qualitative HPTLC-DPPH visualization revealed DPPH-reactive zones, most prominently in P. grazielae. The EOs produced moderate, cell-line-dependent cytotoxic responses, with P. grazielae showing the lowest IC50 values against BT-549 (45 \u00b5g\/mL) and SK-OV-3 (43 \u00b5g\/mL) cells and modest apparent selectivity indices (1.56\u20131.72). P. amalago reduced sand removal by hybrid imported fire ants at 31.25 \u00b5g\/g, whereas P. solmsianum reduced sand removal by hybrid and red imported fire ants at 62.5 and 31.25 \u00b5g\/g, respectively; neither oil caused mortality at 125 \u00b5g\/g. Conclusions: The four EOs showed distinct chemical and biological profiles under the standardized conditions employed. P. grazielae showed the lowest IC50 values in the cytotoxicity screening and the most prominent DPPH-reactive chromatographic response, whereas P. amalago and P. solmsianum produced measurable nonlethal deterrence of fire ant digging behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:20:43Z","timestamp":1788427243000},"page":"1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential Oils from Four Brazilian Piper Species: GC-MS and HPTLC Profiling, Cytotoxicity Screening, and Behavioral Deterrence Against Imported Fire Ants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane Mendes","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3177-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Minteguiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Tacuarembo 45000, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Vera Lucia Pereira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education in Education, Humanities and Languages, Geosciences Area, Uninter International University Center, Curitiba 79801-015, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sara Emilia Lima","family":"Tolouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"},{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38655, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shabana I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38655, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, 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