{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:11:20Z","timestamp":1789056680924,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009609","name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIM-2025-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2025-053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["HIM-2025-053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2025-053"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00nzavp26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Synthetic fructoborate (sFB) is a boron-containing compound with reported biological effects, but its influence on cardiac remodeling remains poorly characterized. Objective: To evaluate the cardiac effects of short-term sFB administration and compare cardiac and extracardiac responses when sFB was administered before or after isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Male BALB\/c mice received sFB (17, 34, or 68 mg\/kg) for 3 days to assess cardiac morphology, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Natriuretic Peptide B (BNP) mRNA expression, and oxidative stress-related markers. In a second experiment, cardiac hypertrophy was induced with isoproterenol (50 mg\/kg, intraperitoneally, for 7 days), and sFB (34 mg\/kg for 3 days) was administered before or after hypertrophy induction. Cardiac and extracardiac histological, molecular, and biochemical responses were evaluated. Results: Short-term sFB administration did not produce a consistent pattern of cardiac injury. The p-p38 MAPK\/p38 MAPK ratio decreased, and 17 mg\/kg sFB increased plasma glutathione (GSH) levels. When administered after hypertrophy induction, sFB reduced left ventricular wall thickness, cardiomyocyte area, and collagen I and III deposition and increased ventricular lumen area. Administration before isoproterenol exposure produced a different response, with some preserved structural parameters but persistent collagen deposition and increased expression of remodeling-associated genes. Extracardiac responses were heterogeneous and tissue-dependent, with notable hepatic alterations under some conditions. Conclusions: The effects of sFB on isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy depended on the timing of administration, with more consistent attenuation of structural remodeling when administered after hypertrophy induction. Further studies are required to establish its long-term safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential therapeutic relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:54:19Z","timestamp":1789055659000},"page":"1437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthetic Fructoborate Administration: Effects on Cardiac Remodeling and Extracardiac Responses in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Ortega-Camarillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"D\u00edaz-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mu\u00f1iz-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de CBS, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Perla L.","family":"Nieto-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de CNI, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico 05348, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7974-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Ivan","family":"Cordova-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n s\/n, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4715-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Bit\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rare\u015f Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin A.","family":"Soriano-Urs\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n s\/n, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Saucedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"\u00c1valos-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola y Animal, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5204-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Morales-Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6799-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola y Animal, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Contreras-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2014.09.010","article-title":"Influence of boron nutrition on the rice productivity, kernel quality and biofortification in different production systems","volume":"169","author":"Rehman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, B.C., Nandwana, N.K., Das, S., Nandwana, V., Shareef, M.A., Das, Y., Saito, M., Weiss, L.M., Almaguel, F., and Hosmane, N.S. 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