{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:02:28Z","timestamp":1789534948539,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province","award":["25ZDFA001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZDFA001"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province","award":["26ZDLA002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26ZDLA002"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province","award":["26YFNJ001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26YFNJ001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Lanzhou","award":["2024-8-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-8-12"]}]},{"name":"earmarked fund for Gansu Agriculture Research System","award":["GSARS06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSARS06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["lzujbky-2023-it31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2023-it31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["lzujbky-2024-it27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2024-it27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: ShenRongGuBenHuanShao Pill (SRGBHSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its active constituents and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This study characterized the flavonoid constituents of SRGBHSP and investigated its effects on HC-associated ED-related alterations and potential molecular mechanisms using an integrated multi-omics strategy. Methods: SRGBHSP constituents were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS, and representative flavonoids were quantitatively analyzed by UPLC-MS\/MS. Rats exposed to HC received SRGBHSP (1.08, 2.16, or 4.32 g\/kg), Yougui Pill, or sildenafil concurrently with HC administration. Pharmacological effects were evaluated using APO-induced erectile responses, histopathology, sperm quality, reproductive hormones, oxidative stress indices, and serum NO\/GC\/cGMP-related parameters. Integrated 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and DIA-based proteomics were combined with RT-qPCR and Western blotting to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms. Results: A total of 131 flavonoids were characterized in SRGBHSP, including flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones, chalcones, flavans, anthocyanidins, and aurones. Quantitative analysis identified baicalin as the predominant flavonoid constituent. APO-induced erection frequency decreased from 3.50 \u00b1 1.29 in the control group to 0.50 \u00b1 0.58 in the model group and increased to 4.50 \u00b1 1.29 following high-dose SRGBHSP intervention. SRGBHSP also improved reproductive hormone homeostasis, sperm quality, and oxidative stress status in HC-treated rats. SRGBHSP increased serum NOS, NO, GC, and cGMP levels and increased the mRNA and total protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in penile tissue. Integrated multi-omics analyses revealed coordinated alterations in gut microbiota, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and penile transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Conclusions: SRGBHSP attenuated multiple ED-related alterations associated with HC exposure, accompanied by improvements in reproductive function, oxidative stress status, and serum NO\/GC\/cGMP-related parameters. Integrated multi-omics analyses together with expression-level validation revealed coordinated alterations in gut microbiota, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR-related molecules following SRGBHSP intervention. These findings suggest the potential involvement of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR-related signaling in the response to SRGBHSP, although its activation status and causal contribution remain to be established. Flavonoids may represent important bioactive constituents associated with the observed effects of SRGBHSP. Overall, this study provides an integrated pharmacological and multi-omics framework for understanding the effects of SRGBHSP on HC-associated ED-related alterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1789391126000},"page":"1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ShenRongGuBenHuanShao Pill Ameliorates Hydrocortisone-Induced Erectile Dysfunction: Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yazhou","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinqian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Foci Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 2289 Huashan Road, Lanzhou New Area, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fangdi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12757","article-title":"Restoration of erectile function by suppression of corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress with losartan in aged rats with erectile dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.3","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction","volume":"2","author":"Yafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"495","article-title":"Research advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"55","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Xinjiang Med. J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"87","article-title":"Mechanisms and advances in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hum. Sex."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Advances in the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced erectile dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Recapitul."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525949","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1525949","article-title":"Cumulative effect of cardiovascular risk factors on regulation of AMPK\/SIRT1-PGC-1-SIRT3 pathway in the human erectile tissue","volume":"2020","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"99","article-title":"Adverse reactions and preventive measures of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of ED","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Mechanisms of male erectile dysfunction and advances in prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Basic. Med. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Lanzhou Foci Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (2009). \u201cGood foundation, no aging\u201d\u2014Foci ShenrongGubenHuanshao Pills. Gansu J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 22, 80."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"116","article-title":"Recent mechanisms and clinical research on the use of Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod. Drug Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Luo, S. (2014). Reflections on treating impotence with cinnamon based on Zhang Jingyue\u2019s theory. Proceedings of the Fifth Academic Conference of the Diagnosis Specialty of Guizhou Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Moutai Distillery."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"70","article-title":"Research progress of Epimedium in the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Wang, Q.X. (2020). Preliminary Screening of Kidney-Yang Activity and Mechanism of Cistanche deserticola in Anti-Fatigue and pro-reproductive Effects. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine]."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"99","article-title":"Efficacy of ShenRongGuBenHuanShao Pill combined with tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and its impact on serum testosterone","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hum. Sex."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Q., Wang, K., Luo, Y., and Tang, Q. (2025). Altered gut microbiota in erectile dysfunction patients: A pilot study. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1530014"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14403","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14403","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition may be an indicator of erectile dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Cao, H., Liang, Y., Lv, C., Ma, Y., Yang, T., Yuan, B., and Wei, W. (2025). The potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and male erectile dysfunction: Mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic perspectives. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1701741"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121439","article-title":"ShenRongGuBenHuanShao Pill ameliorates oligoasthenospermia by alleviating oxidative stress and DNA damage via activation of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway","volume":"363","author":"Shao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156861","article-title":"Exploring the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanism of Shenrong Guben Huanshao Pill based on multi-omics analysis","volume":"143","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"12885","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction attenuation by naringenin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12341","article-title":"Effect of icariin in combination with daily sildenafil on penile atrophy and erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerves injury","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.128","article-title":"Modulatory effect of quercetin and its glycosylated form on key enzymes and antioxidant status in rats\u2019 penile tissue of paroxetine-induced erectile dysfunction","volume":"107","author":"Adefegha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-022-3532-9","article-title":"Buyang Huanwu Decoction ameliorates damage of erectile tissue and function following bilateral cavernous nerve injury","volume":"29","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1878237","article-title":"Effect of leech-centipede medicine on improving erectile function in diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction rats via PDE5 signaling pathway-related molecules","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114674","article-title":"Mechanism by which Huoxue Tongluo Qiwei Decoction improves the erectile function of rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction","volume":"283","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2017.06.006","article-title":"Identification and functional verifica-tion of microRNAs in the obese rat with erectile dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.128496","article-title":"Animal models of erectile dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12513","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12513","article-title":"A review of experimental techniques for erectile function researches and development of medical technology using animal erectile dysfunction models in sexual and reproductive medicine","volume":"22","author":"Kataoka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113223","article-title":"The cold-soaking extract of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) protects against erectile dysfunction by ameliorating testicular function in hydrocortisone-induced KDS-Yang rats and in oxidatively damaged TM3 cells","volume":"263","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950160409","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: The balance of benefit and risk","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"1994","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2020.1752003","article-title":"Codeine-induced sperm DNA damage is mediated predominantly by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis","volume":"25","author":"Ajayi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocca, M.S., Vignoli, A., Tenori, L., Ghezzi, M., De Rocco Ponce, M., Vatsellas, G., Thanos, D., Padrini, R., Foresta, C., and De Toni, L. (2020). Evaluation of serum\/urine genomic and metabolomic profiles to improve the adherence to sildenafil therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.602369"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.06.022","article-title":"Molecular pathophysiology and gene therapy of aging-related erectile dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Rajfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23166","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401238200","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin positively regulates collagen type I production via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway","volume":"279","author":"Shegogue","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karar, J., and Maity, A. (2011). PI3K\/AKT\/MTOR pathway in angiogenesis. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00051"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01844.x","article-title":"Chronic administration of sildenafil modified the impaired VEGF system and improved the erectile function in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"62","article-title":"Application of Corii Colla Asini in male diseases","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Libr. Inf. Sci. Trad. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2025). Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China 2025, People\u2019s Medical Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"337","article-title":"Ligusticum chuanxiong hort. for the treatment of impotence: A case report","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Shizhen J. TCM"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Experience in the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction with Ligusticum Wallichii, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Centipede\u2014Three prescription by professor TONG Xiaolin","volume":"40","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jilin J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"13","article-title":"Theoretical analysis of professor Zhang Guohai\u2019s application of Danggui Runzao Decoction in treating internal medicine diseases","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"TCM Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"26","article-title":"Treatment of 40 cases of impotence with modified Dihuang Yinzi","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sichuan Trad. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Liu, L.M. (2024). The Mechanism of Earthworm Protein in Improving Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats Based on PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine]."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1646","article-title":"Exploration of the therapeutic effect of Fuzi on impotence based on the theory that \u201cProlonged Injury to the Five Zang-Organs Will Eventually Involve the Kidney\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. TCM"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"32","article-title":"Mechanism of action of the \u201cReinforcing Yang and Nourishing Essence\u201d effects of Hippocampus (Sea Horse) based on network pharmacology: An exploration of the material basis, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"55","article-title":"Treatment of impotence with Heshouwu Powder","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"China Naturop."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"69","article-title":"Chuanjiao is efficacious for treating male sexual disorders","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhejiang J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"788","article-title":"Effect of the Astragalus dose in Buyang Huanwu decoction on erectile dysfunction in rats with cavernous nerve injury","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Lab. Anim. Sci. Sin."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"109","article-title":"Tribulus terrestris and gross saponin of Tribulus terrestris in treating erectile dysfunction an update","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hum. Sex."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"193","article-title":"Efficacy of modified Chaihu Plus Longgu Muli Decoction combined with Viagra in the treatment of impotence","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Urban. Rural. Enterp. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"102","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of self-prepared Lurong Yishen Capsules on impotence with kidney-yang deficiency: An observational study","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Community Dr."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2013). Medicinal king verses for clinical application. Clove (Dingxiang): The king of relieving hiccup. Chin. Med. Mod. Distance Educ. China., 20, 148."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"133","article-title":"Research progress on the clinical application of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix in andrology","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"116","article-title":"Mechanism and clinical studies on ginseng for treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs Clin."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"40","article-title":"Z.D. Effect of Dioscorea opposite and Crataegus pinnatifida Tea on the expression of NF-\u03baB in the penis of diabetic impotence model rats","volume":"41","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Xinjiang J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2019). Dogwood and prepared Rehmannia for treating impotence. Hunan J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 35, 137."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"65","article-title":"Application review on clinical application of Xianmao to infertility treatment","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Lit."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"51","article-title":"Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the molecular mechanism of \u201cCurculiginis rhizome and epimrdii herba\u201d in the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"54","article-title":"Fennel (Xiaohuixiang) and prepared Ginger (Paojiang) for treating impotence","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Home Med."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"17","article-title":"Experimental study on strengthening yang action of traditional Chinese medicine actinolite","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"2275","article-title":"Mechanism research of Epimedium-Morinda in treating erectile dysfunction based on network pharmacological method","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Xu, J.W. (2023). Clinical Observation of Yuanzhi Decoction Combined with Tadalafil in the Treatment of Disquieted Heart Spirit Impotence. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine]."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/9\/1456\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:10:44Z","timestamp":1789531844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/19\/9\/1456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ph19091456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph19091456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]}}}