{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:03:27Z","timestamp":1789621407931,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008641","name":"Chung Shan Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CSMU-CCH-113-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSMU-CCH-113-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CSMU-CCH-113-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSMU-CCH-113-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ryjv25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["108-2320-B-040-024-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2320-B-040-024-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that may persist into adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to ADHD pathogenesis, but the role of miR-141-3p remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of miR-141-3p inhibition on ADHD-like behaviors in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: We used RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and a Y-maze test to assess molecular and behavioral changes after striatal stereotaxic injection of an miR-141-3p antagomir (AT). Results: Striatal miR-141-3p expression was significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats, while taurine treatment reduced its expression. Inhibition of miR-141-3p suppressed inflammasome-related signaling pathways, including the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 and TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathways. It also reduced the number of NLRP3-positive cells and the levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, and IL-17A in the striatum and improved spontaneous alternation performance in the Y-maze. Conclusions: These findings suggest that miR-141-3p may contribute to ADHD-like pathology through neuroinflammatory mechanisms and warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19091461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:32:01Z","timestamp":1789468321000},"page":"1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inhibition of Striatal miR-141-3p Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Neuroinflammation in an ADHD Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5776-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tung-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ching","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Han","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0400-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsai-Ching","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bor-Show","family":"Tzang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e085875","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-085875","article-title":"Benefits and harms of ADHD interventions: Umbrella review and platform for shared decision making","volume":"391","author":"Gosling","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.907526","article-title":"Imaging the ADHD brain: Disorder-specificity, medication effects and clinical translation","volume":"14","author":"Rubia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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