{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:44:14Z","timestamp":1790351054894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic non-healing wounds lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Pleiotropic effects of high density lipoproteins (HDL) may beneficially affect wound healing. The objectives of this murine study were: (1) to investigate the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia induces impaired wound healing and (2) to study the effect of topical HDL administration in a model of delayed wound healing. A circular full thickness wound was created on the back of each mouse. A silicone splint was used to counteract wound contraction. Coverage of the wound by granulation tissue and by epithelium was quantified every 2 days. Re-epithelialization from day 0 till day 10 was unexpectedly increased by 21.3% (p &lt; 0.05) in C57BL\/6 low density lipoprotein (LDLr) deficient mice with severe hypercholesterolemia (489 \u00b1 14 mg\/dL) compared to C57BL\/6 mice and this effect was entirely abrogated following cholesterol lowering adenoviral LDLr gene transfer.  In contrast, re-epithelialization in hypercholesterolemic (434 \u00b1 16 mg\/dL) C57BL\/6 apolipoprotein (apo) E\u2212\/\u2212 mice was 22.6% (p &lt; 0.0001) lower than in C57BL\/6 mice. Topical HDL gel administered every 2 days increased re-epithelialization by 25.7%  (p &lt; 0.01) in apo E\u2212\/\u2212 mice. In conclusion, topical HDL application is an innovative therapeutic strategy that corrects impaired wound healing in apo E\u2212\/\u2212 mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph7040419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T11:26:03Z","timestamp":1396524363000},"page":"419-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Impact of Lipoproteins on Wound Healing: Topical HDL Therapy Corrects Delayed Wound Healing in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Gordts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilayaraja","family":"Muthuramu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruhul","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"De Geest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 911, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1619","article-title":"Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease","volume":"302","author":"Sarwar","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201200044","article-title":"The lipid raft hypothesis revisited\u2014New insights on raft composition and function from super-resolution fluorescence microscopy","volume":"34","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.830984","article-title":"Relations of lipid concentrations to heart failure incidence: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"120","author":"Velagaleti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.147","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene transfer in hypercholesterolemic mice improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction","volume":"19","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"746","article-title":"Dysregulation of cholesterol balance in the brain: Contribution to neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"5","author":"Vance","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. 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