{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:03:46Z","timestamp":1788303826667,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Day surgery, coming to and leaving the hospital on the same day as surgery as well as ambulatory surgery, leaving hospital within twenty-three hours is increasingly being adopted. There are several potential benefits associated with the avoidance of  in-hospital care. Early discharge demands a rapid recovery and low incidence and intensity of surgery and anaesthesia related side-effects; such as pain, nausea and fatigue. Patients must be fit enough and symptom intensity so low that self-care is feasible in order to secure quality of care. Preventive multi-modal analgesia has become the gold standard. Administering paracetamol, NSIADs prior to start of surgery and decreasing the noxious influx by the use of local anaesthetics by peripheral block or infiltration in surgical field prior to incision and at wound closure in combination with intra-operative fast acting opioid analgesics, e.g., remifentanil, have become standard of care. Single preoperative  0.1 mg\/kg dose dexamethasone has a combined action, anti-emetic and provides enhanced analgesia. Additional \u03b1-2-agonists and\/or gabapentin or pregabalin may be used in addition to facilitate the pain management if patients are at risk for more pronounced pain. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and rescue oral opioid is the basic concept for self-care during the first 3\u20135 days after common day\/ambulatory surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph7080850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T11:00:50Z","timestamp":1406199650000},"page":"850-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pain Management in Ambulatory Surgery\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Institution for Clinical Science, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1048","article-title":"The value of \u201cmultimodal\u201d or \u201cbalanced analgesia\u201d in postoperative pain treatment","volume":"77","author":"Kehlet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04412.x","article-title":"Balanced analgesia improves recovery and outcome after outpatient tubal ligation","volume":"40","author":"Eriksson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"44","article-title":"Preoperative multimodal analgesia facilitates recovery after ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"82","author":"Michaloliakou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Bandolier. Available online:http:\/\/www.medicine.ox.ac.uk\/bandolier\/booth\/painpag\/Acutrev\/Analgesics\/Leagtab.html."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-013-0172-x","article-title":"The modern pharmacology of paracetamol: Therapeutic actions, mechanism of action, metabolism, toxicity and recent pharmacological findings","volume":"21","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2014.904744","article-title":"A perspective on the epidemiology of acetaminophen exposure and toxicity in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Blieden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"FDA, Available online:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/ucm381644.htm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.11.003","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetaminophen 1000 mg versus acetaminophen 650 mg for the treatment of postsurgical dental pain","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.07.422","article-title":"Efficacy and speed of onset of pain relief of fast-dissolving paracetamol on postsurgical dental pain: two randomized, single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies","volume":"35","author":"Yue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00452.x","article-title":"Early bioavailability of paracetamol after oral or intravenous administration","volume":"48","author":"Owall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000121","article-title":"Postoperative plasma paracetamol levels following oral or intravenous paracetamol administration: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Brett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer107","article-title":"Single-dose intravenous paracetamol or propacetamol for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"McNicol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apfel, C.C., Souza, K., Portillo, J., Dalal, P., and Bergese, S.D. (2014). Patient Satisfaction with Intravenous Acetaminophen: A Pooled Analysis of Five Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Studies in the Acute Postoperative Setting. J. Healthc Qual.","DOI":"10.1111\/jhq.12062"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, E., Worthington, H.V., van Wijk, A., Yates, J.M., Coulthard, P., and Afzal, Z. (2013). Ibuprofen and\/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004624.pub2"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2165\/11533350-000000000-00000","article-title":"Oral cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors versus other oral analgesics for acute soft tissue injury: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawano, T., Takahashi, T., Iwata, H., Morikawa, A., Imori, S., Waki, S., Tamura, T., Yamazaki, F., Eguchi, S., Kumagai, N., and Yokoyama, M. (2014). Effects of ketoprofen for prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. J. Anesth.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-014-1821-y"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, W.X., Ma, L., Zheng, L.W., Kruse-Gujer, A., St\u00fcbinger, S., Lang, N.P., and Zwahlen, R.A. (2014). Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on osseointegration of dental implants in rabbit calvaria. Clin. Oral Implants Res.","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12392"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, R., Derry, S., and Moore, R.A. (2012). Single dose oral etoricoxib for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004309.pub3"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.856881","article-title":"Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Coxibs: Is there a benefit when compared to traditional non-selective NSAIDs in postoperative pain management?","volume":"77","author":"Wickerts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derry, C.J., Derry, S., and Moore, R.A. (2013). Single dose oral ibuprofen plus paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010107.pub2"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328314b665","article-title":"Regional anesthesia techniques for ambulatory orthopedic surgery","volume":"21","author":"Iohom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000011","article-title":"Regional anesthesia and ambulatory surgery","volume":"26","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen389","article-title":"Systematic review of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy","volume":"102","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, K.J., Alakkad, H., Adhikary, S.D., and Singh, M. (2013). Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005487.pub3"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000180829.70036.4F","article-title":"A comparison of regional versus general anesthesia for ambulatory anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.03.025","article-title":"General anaesthesia versus thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery: A meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Tahiri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Plast Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181da82c8","article-title":"Brief reports: Paravertebral block for anesthesia: A systematic review","volume":"110","author":"Thavaneswaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq265","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of paravertebral blocks in breast surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"105","author":"Schnabel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000066","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block to ameliorate postoperative pain outcomes after laparoscopic surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"118","author":"Nader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet417","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone as a local anaesthetic adjuvant for brachial plexus block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"112","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet066","article-title":"Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Abdallah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet196","article-title":"Ultrasound compared with nerve stimulation guidance for peripheral nerve catheter placement: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"111","author":"Schnabel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2165\/10898560-000000000-00000","article-title":"Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"70","author":"McCarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32833ff302","article-title":"Preoperative single-dose intravenous dexamethasone during ambulatory surgery: Update around the benefit versus risk","volume":"23","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31822a24c2","article-title":"Perioperative single dose systemic dexamethasone for postoperative pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"115","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes431","article-title":"Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Waldron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, Q., Qian, X., An, J., Wen, H., Cope, D.K., and Williams, J.P. (2014). Higher Dose Dexamethasone Increases Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol.","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000024"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02207.x","article-title":"Premedication with clonidine is superior to benzodiazepines. A meta analysis of published studies","volume":"54","author":"Dahmani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet130","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effect of intravenous (i.v.) clonidine compared with clonidine administration in wound infiltration for open cholecystectomy","volume":"111","author":"harti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941312200207","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine versus morphine or fentanyl in the management of children after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"122","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.6.453","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine is effective for monitored anesthesia care in outpatients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"61","author":"Na","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000936","article-title":"Perioperative dexmedetomidine improves outcomes of cardiac surgery","volume":"127","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12039","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"57","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825681cb","article-title":"Effect of perioperative systemic \u03b12 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Blaudszun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2013.0180","article-title":"A review of the use of ketamine in pain management","volume":"9","author":"Tawfic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Opioid Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.036","article-title":"Ketamine and postoperative pain\u2014A quantitative systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"113","author":"Elia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq116","article-title":"Use of low-dose pregabalin in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"105","author":"Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2011.06.027","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled study of pregabalin for postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"24","author":"Balaban","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bekawi, M.S., El Wakeel, L.M., Al Taher, W.M., and Abdel Mageed, W.M. (2014). Clinical Study Evaluating Pregabalin Efficacy and Tolerability for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Clin. J. Pain.","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000060"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2769-3","article-title":"Effect of pre-emptive pregabalin on pain intensity and postoperative morphine consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"27","author":"Sarakatsianou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a69b90","article-title":"Gabapentin and pregabalin in the management of postoperative pain after lumbar spinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1175-5","article-title":"Single dose of preoperative analgesia with gabapentin (600 mg) is safe and effective in monitored anesthesia care for nasal surgery","volume":"267","author":"Kazak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32832ad2fa","article-title":"The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy","volume":"26","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2174\/138945009788982513","article-title":"Gabapentin and pregabalin for the acute post-operative pain management. A systematic-narrative review of the recent clinical evidences","volume":"10","author":"Dauri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1684\/mrh.2014.0349","article-title":"Systemic magnesium to improve quality of post-surgical recovery in outpatient segmental mastectomy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Bialek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magnes. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819c98a7","article-title":"The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"52","author":"Karanlik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.11.001","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between opioid use and adverse effects after ambulatory surgery","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"805","article-title":"Multimodal prevention of pain, nausea and vomiting after breast cancer surgery","volume":"76","author":"Kroman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03019729","article-title":"Timing of pre-emptive tenoxicam is important for postoperative analgesia","volume":"48","author":"Thambipillai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-199432030-00009","article-title":"Postoperative pain management","volume":"32","author":"Joshi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.11.006","article-title":"Enhanced recovery from obstetric surgery: A UK survey of practice","volume":"23","author":"Aluri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafiq, S., Steinbr\u00fcchel, D.A., Wanscher, M.J., Andersen, L.W., Navne, A., Lilleoer, N.B., and Olsen, P.S. (2014). Multimodal analgesia versus traditional opiate based analgesia after cardiac surgery, a randomized controlled trial. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-9-52"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurusamy, K.S., Vaughan, J., Toon, C.D., and Davidson, B.R. (2014). Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008261.pub2"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Homepage of Prospect. Available online:http:\/\/www.postoppain.org\/frameset.htm."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists' (CNT) Collaboration, Bhala, N., Emberson, J., Merhi, A., Abramson, S., Arber, N., Baron, J.A., Bombardier, C., Cannon, C., and Farkouh, M.E. (2013). Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet, 382, 769\u2013779.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60900-9"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/7\/8\/850\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:14:01Z","timestamp":1760217241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/7\/8\/850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph7080850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph7080850","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]]}}}