{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:57:49Z","timestamp":1760241469161,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic acidosis and metabolic bone disease are frequent complications in patients on parenteral nutrition (PN). A common contributor to these complications could be a daily high renal acid load. This study aims to find a method for predicting the potential total acid load (PTAL) and the pH of the compounded parenteral nutrition mixtures. The pH and titratable acidity (TA) of fifty compounded mixtures were measured. The potential metabolic acid load (PMAL) was calculated by considering the amount of nutrients that are acid producers and consumers. The PTAL of the TPN mixtures was calculated by adding TA to PMAL. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to develop a predictive model for the TA and pH of the compounded mixtures. The predicted TA and pH values of the analyzed mixtures agreed with those measured (Passing-Bablok analysis). The PTAL was &gt;50 mmol\/day for 82% of the mixtures, &gt;75 mmol\/day for 40% of the mixtures, and &gt;100 mmol\/day for 22% of the mixtures. The prediction of the renal acid load in patients on long-term PN could allow more appropriate acid-base balancing. Moreover, predicting the pH of such mixtures could be useful to pharmacists to assess the stability and compatibility of the components in the compounded mixtures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1522672340000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prediction of Renal Acid Load in Adult Patients on Parenteral Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Iacone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clelia","family":"Scanzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"D\u2019Isanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vitalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignazio","family":"Frangipane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"D\u2019Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Santarpia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Contaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit\u2014Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University Medical School, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclnm.2010.12.002","article-title":"Acid-base disturbance during home parenteral nutrition\u2014An observational cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"e-SPEN Eur. e-J. Clin. Nutr. 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