{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1772597950144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003663","name":"Small and Medium Business Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2318312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2318312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16173MFDS542 in 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16173MFDS542 in 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1D1A1A09059248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1D1A1A09059248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of esomeprazole on aceclofenac pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal complications in rats. Aceclofenac alone, or in combination with esomeprazole, was orally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma concentrations of aceclofenac, its major metabolite diclofenac, and esomeprazole were simultaneously determined by a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Gastrointestinal damage was determined by measuring ulcer area and ulcer lesion index of the stomach. Oral administration of aceclofenac induced significant gastric ulceration, which was inhibited by esomeprazole administration. Following concurrent administration of aceclofenac and esomeprazole, overall pharmacokinetic profiles of aceclofenac and metabolic conversion to diclofenac were unaffected by esomeprazole. Aceclofenac metabolism and pharmacokinetics were not subject to significant food effects, whereas bioavailability of esomeprazole decreased in fed compared to fasting conditions. In contrast, the pharmacokinetics of aceclofenac and esomeprazole were significantly altered by different dosing vehicles. These results suggest that co-administration of esomeprazole with aceclofenac may reduce aceclofenac-induced gastrointestinal complications without significant pharmacokinetic interactions. The optimal combination and clinical significance of the benefits of the combination of aceclofenac and esomeprazole need to be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T10:38:38Z","timestamp":1536230318000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Gastric Ulceration Activity of Oral Administration of Aceclofenac and Esomeprazole in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tae Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subindra Kazi","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Eun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Young","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Myeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youn-Woong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea United Pharm. Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea United Pharm. Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Yeol","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea United Pharm. Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Ho","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea United Pharm. Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beom Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02207932","article-title":"Comparison of aceclofenac with diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Ward","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. 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