{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:57:12Z","timestamp":1777424232144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2B6003535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2B6003535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhoptry organelle proteins (ROPs) secreted by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) play a critical role during parasite invasion into host cells. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccines containing ROP4 and\/or ROP13 together with influenza M1 were generated. ROP4+ROP13 VLPs were produced by combining ROP4 VLPs with ROP13 VLPs, and ROP(4 + 13) VLPs by co-infecting insect cells with recombinant baculovirus expressing ROP4 or ROP13. Mice intranasally immunized with ROP(4 + 13) VLPs showed significantly higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgA antibody responses in sera compared to ROP4+ROP13VLPs. Upon challenge infection by oral route, mice immunized with ROP(4 + 13) VLPs elicited higher levels of IgG and IgA antibody responses in fecal, urine, intestine and vaginal samples as well as CD4+ T, CD8+ T cells, and germinal center B cell responses compared to other type of vaccines, ROP4 VLPs, ROP13 VLPs, and ROP4+ROP13 VLPs. ROP(4 + 13) VLPs vaccination showed a significant decrease in the size and number of cyst in the brain and less body weight loss compared to combination ROP4+ROP13 VLPs upon challenge infection with T. gondii ME49. These results indicated that the ROP(4 + 13) VLPs vaccination provided enhanced protection against T. gondii infection compared to ROP4+ROP13 VLPs, providing an important insight into vaccine design strategy for T. gondii VLPs vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11070342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1563331443000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Influenza Virus-Like Particles Presenting both Toxoplasma gondii ROP4 and ROP13 Enhance Protection against T. gondii Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hae-Ji","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki-Back","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manika","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jick","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 06627, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 06627, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211","article-title":"Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS","volume":"15","author":"Luft","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. 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