{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:40:42Z","timestamp":1790887242429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002911","name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["910939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["910939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis represents one of the most serious fungal infections among immunocompromised patients. In this study, we aimed to analyze the in vivo efficacy of prophylactic oral amphotericin B (AMB) encapsulated in modified chitosan-nanoparticles (Nanomerics\u2019 Molecular Envelope Technology (MET)) supplemented with a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (AHCC\u00ae) in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis. We determined fungal burden and survival of mice and additionally, we carried out a cytokine analysis in an attempt to understand the immunomodulation of the extract. Our results evidenced equivalent efficacy between orally administered AMB-MET and the intravenous liposomal AMB marketed formulation. Addition of the AHCC\u00ae supplement significantly improved efficacy in terms of burden reduction and survival increase of both oral and intravenous AMB therapies compared to the untreated control group. Moreover, a protective effect of the extract was observed in terms of weight loss. Regarding the cytokine profiles, the Th1 immune response was stimulated in treated animals when compared to the control group. This response was marked by an enhancement in the MCP-1, GM-CSF, VEGF, RANTES and IL-17 levels and a decrease in the IL-6, a biomarker related to the severity of the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11090456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T08:28:13Z","timestamp":1567585693000},"page":"456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increased Efficacy of Oral Fixed-Dose Combination of Amphotericin B and AHCC\u00ae Natural Adjuvant against Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cantero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores R.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Navarro-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3907-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas G.","family":"Sch\u00e4tzlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomerics Ltd., St. Albans AL1 1SR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma F.","family":"Uchegbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL School of Pharmacy, 29\u201339, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Torrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Capilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S436","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix210","article-title":"Azole-Resistant Aspergillosis: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Treatment","volume":"216","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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