{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:40:48Z","timestamp":1790959248663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe inflammation of the oral mucosal cells associated with chemotherapy and\/or radiotherapy-induced toxicity, resulting in epithelial ulcers and higher risk of death from sepsis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nanoparticle (AuNp) effect on OM induced in hamsters. Materials and methods: 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was used on the first and second day of the experimental model in Golden sirian hamsters, and on the fourth day, mechanical trauma was applied to induce OM. The animals were divided into groups, i.e., polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), mechanical trauma (MT), 5FU, and groups treated with gold nanoparticles (AuNps) (62.5, 125, and 250 \u03bcg\/kg). On the 10th day, animals were euthanized for macroscopic, histopathological, immunohistochemical, western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and AuNp quantification. Results: AuNp (250 \u03bcg\/kg) reduced TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, COX-2, NF-\u03baB, TGF-\u03b2, and SMAD 2\/3; increased glutathione levels; decreased the expression of Kelch ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1); and induced heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) and NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) genes. Conclusions: AuNp (250 \u03bcg\/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced OM in hamsters and improved the parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12040304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T13:39:34Z","timestamp":1585834774000},"page":"304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of Gold Nanoparticle on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Experimental Oral Mucositis in Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carmem Jane Ferreira","family":"Vilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Barbosa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurigena Antunes","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Dental Sciences\/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science\/Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlane Coelho Bernardo","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences\/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science\/Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Fernandes","family":"de Ara\u00fajo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology\/Post Graduation Program Health Science\/Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8214-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerly Anne de Castro","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Morphofunctional Sciences\/Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Rua Delmiro de Farias s\/n, Rodolfo Te\u00f3filo, Fortaleza\/CE 60416030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Ferreira Carvalho","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Morphofunctional Sciences\/Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Rua Delmiro de Farias s\/n, Rodolfo Te\u00f3filo, Fortaleza\/CE 60416030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel de Lima","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Chemistry\/Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique Da Silva","family":"Gasparotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Chemistry\/Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisie Mitchele Barbosa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson Dias","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Chemistry\/Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Chemistry\/Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breno Gustavo Porf\u00edrio","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Chemistry\/Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN 59078970, 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