{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:54:36Z","timestamp":1785293676507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Human Capacities, Hungary","award":["20391-3\/2018\/FEKUSTRAT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20391-3\/2018\/FEKUSTRAT"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ7\/01016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ7\/01016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure of a drug to UV irradiation could affect its physicochemical properties. Hence, photostability testing is essential for topically administered drugs. Tazarotene, a receptor-selective, third-generation retinoid, is commonly used to treat acne vulgaris and psoriasis. In the present study, an in-depth analysis of the photostability of tazarotene in ethanolic solution in the presence of zinc oxide and\/or titanium dioxide as well as benzophenone-type UV filters was performed. Eleven presumed products were derived from the photocatalytic degradation of tazarotene using ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, and transformation pathways were proposed. The degradation process mainly affected the 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran moiety. The fragments most susceptible to oxidation were the methyl groups and the sulfur atom. Moreover, in the presence of sulisobenzone, under UV irradiation, tazarotene was subjected to a degradation process, which resulted in two photodecomposition products. In silico studies performed by OSIRIS Property Explorer demonstrated that five of the degradation products could be harmful in terms of the reproductive effects, which are associated with 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-1-benzothiopyran 1,1-dioxide, while one of them demonstrated potential irritant activity. The cytotoxic properties of the degradation products of tazarotene were assessed by MTT assay on a panel of human adherent cancer cells. Time- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition was evidenced in ovary (A2780) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. The potential implication of the outcomes of the present research requires further studies mainly concerning the photostability of tazarotene in the topical formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:56:43Z","timestamp":1600916203000},"page":"899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Photostability Testing of a Third-Generation Retinoid\u2014Tazarotene in the Presence of UV Absorbers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9125-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Kryczyk-Poprawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Zupk\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Natural Products, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"B\u00e9rdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u017bmudzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9825-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Popi\u00f3\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Muszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Use of tazarotene foam for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"7","author":"Gregoriou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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