{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:40:50Z","timestamp":1791337250292,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP","award":["2019\/24079-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/24079-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most important cancers worldwide, and usually, chemotherapy can be used in an integrative approach. Usually, chemotherapy treatment is performed in association with surgery, radiation or hormone therapy, providing an increased outcome to patients. However, tumors can develop resistance to different drugs, progressing for a more aggressive phenotype. In this scenario, the use of nanocarriers could help to defeat tumor cell resistance, providing a new therapeutic perspective for patients. Thus, this systematic review aims to bring the molecular mechanisms involved in BC chemoresistance and extract from the previous literature information regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential treatment for chemoresistant breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12121193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T20:18:22Z","timestamp":1607631502000},"page":"1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Mechanisms of Resistance to Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer and Possible Targets in Drug Delivery Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia de Faria","family":"Lainetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Sao Paulo State University\u2013UNESP, Botucatu-SP 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Fernando","family":"Leis-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Sao Paulo State University\u2013UNESP, Botucatu-SP 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Laufer-Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic, Sao Paulo State University\u2013UNESP, Botucatu-SP 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Battazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP, Botucatu-SP 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Fonseca-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Sao Paulo State University\u2013UNESP, Botucatu-SP 18618-681, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University\u2013UNIP, Bauru-SP 17048-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21609","article-title":"Erratum: Global cancer statistics 2018: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"70","author":"Bray","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820963599","article-title":"Efficacy of combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy and regional inductive moderate hyperthermia in the treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Loboda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.3816\/CBC.2009.s.008","article-title":"Biology, metastatic patterns, and treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Anders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70074-8","article-title":"Triple-negative breast cancer: Therapeutic options","volume":"8","author":"Cleator","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14091","article-title":"The 2019 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the breast","volume":"77","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21393","article-title":"Breast cancer-major changes in the American joint committee on cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual","volume":"67","author":"Giuliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz173","article-title":"Early breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Cardoso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3927","article-title":"Treatment of nonmetastatic breast cancer","volume":"321","author":"Ruddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Harbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2017.08.005","article-title":"Molecular subtypes and local-regional control of breast cancer","volume":"27","author":"Fragomeni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blows, F.M., Driver, K.E., Schmidt, M.K., Broeks, A., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Wesseling, J., Cheang, M.C., Gelmon, K., Nielsen, T.O., and Blomqvist, C. (2010). Subtyping of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry to investigate a relationship between subtype and short and long term survival: A collaborative analysis of data for 10,159 cases from 12 studies. PLoS Med., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000279"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"American Cancer Society (2020, September 14). Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Treating Breast Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/treatment\/treatment-of-triple-negative.html."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"8195","article-title":"Canine mammary tumors as a model for human disease (Review)","volume":"15","author":"Abdelmegeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2020, September 15). Breast Cancer Treatment. Breast Cancer, Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/breast\/hp\/breast-treatment-pdq."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz235","article-title":"Estimating the benefits of therapy for early-stage breast cancer: The St. Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for the primary therapy of early breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Burstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.19323","article-title":"Breast cancer treatment: A review","volume":"321","author":"Waks","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx308","article-title":"De-escalating and escalating treatments for early-stage breast cancer: The St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Conference on the primary therapy of early breast cancer","volume":"28","author":"Curigliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000499931","article-title":"St. Gallen\/Vienna 2019: A brief summary of the consensus discussion on the optimal primary breast cancer treatment","volume":"14","author":"Balic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Care"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_118_18","article-title":"Practical consensus recommendations on management of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Rangarao","year":"2018","journal-title":"South Asian J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.53.082901.103929","article-title":"Mechanisms of cancer drug resistance","volume":"53","author":"Gottesman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-018-9903-0","article-title":"The challenge of drug resistance in cancer treatment: A current overview","volume":"35","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"299","article-title":"A view on drug resistance in cancer","volume":"575","author":"Vasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2017.041","article-title":"The different mechanisms of cancer drug resistance: A brief review","volume":"7","author":"Mansoori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108800","article-title":"Chemoresistance mechanisms of breast cancer and their countermeasures","volume":"114","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.12.002","article-title":"Adjuvant systemic therapies in breast cancer","volume":"93","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nedeljkovi\u0107, M., and Damjanovi\u0107, A. (2019). Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer\u2014How we can rise to the challenge. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090957"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeldag, G., Rice, A., and Del Hern\u00e1ndez, A.R. (2018). Chemoresistance and the self-maintaining tumor microenvironment. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10120471"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9729","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7792","article-title":"Vasohibin2 promotes adriamycin resistance of breast cancer cells through regulating ABCG2 via AKT signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59950","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19048","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancers","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0119-5","article-title":"Interaction of WBP2 with ER\u03b1 increases doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer cells by modulating MDR1 transcription","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.09.052","article-title":"Cancer stem cells: A brief review of the current status","volume":"681","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"821","article-title":"Intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Moulder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08977194.2018.1473393","article-title":"STAT3: A multifaceted oncoprotein","volume":"36","author":"Guanizo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0992","article-title":"Identification of novel breast cancer risk loci","volume":"77","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.11.005","article-title":"Risk-based breast cancer screening strategies in women","volume":"65","author":"Harkness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2017.11.006","article-title":"Genetic alterations in sporadic triple negative breast cancer","volume":"38","author":"Pop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22445","article-title":"BRCA1alterations with additional defects in DNA damage response genes may confer chemoresistance to BRCA-like breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Takada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Chromosom. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-2686","article-title":"Comprehensive mutation and copy number profiling in archived circulating breast cancer tumor cells documents heterogeneous resistance mechanisms","volume":"78","author":"Paoletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cot\u00e9, D., Eustace, A., Toomey, S., Cremona, M., Milewska, M., Furney, S., Carr, A., Fay, J., Kay, E., and Kennedy, S. (2018). Germline single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERBB3 and BARD1 genes result in a worse relapse free survival response for HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant based docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH). PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200996"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.041","article-title":"Chemoresistance evolution in triple-negative breast cancer delineated by single-cell sequencing","volume":"173","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.12.64","article-title":"Chromatin landscape and endocrine response in breast cancer","volume":"4","author":"Magnani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Predicting resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer: It\u2019s time for epigenetic biomarkers (Review)","volume":"41","author":"Amorim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7758","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8758","article-title":"DNA methylation of oestrogen-regulated enhancers defines endocrine sensitivity in breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Stone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epigenetic reprogramming at estrogen-receptor binding sites alters 3D chromatin landscape in endocrine-resistant breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Luu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2009.22.7.1405072","article-title":"Epigenetic targeting in breast cancer: Therapeutic impact and future direction","volume":"22","author":"Lustberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"805","article-title":"Methylation of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene 5\u2032 CpG islands correlates with lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene expression in breast tumors","volume":"2","author":"Lapidus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verde, G., Cucalon, L.I.D.L., Wright, R.H.G., Quilez, J., Peir\u00f3, S., LeDily, F., and Beato, M. (2018). Unliganded progesterone receptor governs estrogen receptor gene expression by regulating DNA methylation in breast cancer cells. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10100371"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6443","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0138","article-title":"FGFR1 amplification mediates endocrine resistance but retains TORC sensitivity in metastatic hormone receptor\u2013positive (HR+) breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Drago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.66","article-title":"Triple-negative breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease","volume":"13","author":"Bianchini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.130","article-title":"API5 induces cisplatin resistance through FGFR signaling in human cancer cells","volume":"49","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0590-3","article-title":"Nuclear basic fibroblast growth factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer chemo-resistance","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2291","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.194","article-title":"miRNA-205 targets VEGFA and FGF2 and regulates resistance to chemotherapeutics in breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21574","article-title":"JNK signaling in cancer cell survival","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.10.003","article-title":"Targeting autophagy-related protein kinases for potential therapeutic purpose","volume":"10","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Bioinformatic identification of chemoresistance-associated microRNAs in breast cancer based on microarray data","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"The emerging role of microRNAs in breast cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23094","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.012617","article-title":"ST14 (suppression of tumorigenicity 14) gene is a target for miR-27b, and the inhibitory effect of ST14 on cell growth is independent of miR-27b regulation","volume":"284","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-1959","article-title":"MicroRNA-200a promotes anoikis resistance and metastasis by targeting YAP1 in human breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-20-79","article-title":"MiR-155 promotes proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through targeting tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1","article-title":"ATIP3 deficiency facilitates intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel to reduce cancer cell migration and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Nehlig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.571517","article-title":"ABTB2 regulatory variant as predictor of epirubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal a breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05836-7","article-title":"Identification of candidate mediators of chemoresponse in breast cancer through therapy-driven selection of somatic variants","volume":"183","author":"Baxter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02753-x","article-title":"NCAPG confers trastuzumab resistance via activating SRC\/STAT3 signaling pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integrative analysis of the doxorubicin-associated lncRNA\u2013mRNA network identifies chemoresistance-associated lnc-TRDMT1-5 as a biomarker of breast cancer progression","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2478\/bjmg-2019-0025","article-title":"TWIST1 gene expression as a biomarker for predicting primary doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Demir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Balk. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-019-04009-8","article-title":"Chemoresistance was correlated with elevated expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in breast cancer","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-019-03923-1","article-title":"FKBP12 is a predictive biomarker for efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"84","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-019-1150-z","article-title":"Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase enhances chemoresistance in breast cancer through SIRT1 protein stabilization","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lainetti, P., Zuliani, F., Leis-Filho, A.F., Alves, R.H.F., and Fonseca-Alves, C.E. (2020). Controlled drug delivery vehicles in veterinary oncology: State-of-the-art and future directions. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8050541"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1021\/mp5001108","article-title":"Nanodiamond\u2013mitoxantrone complexes enhance drug retention in chemoresistant breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Toh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8153","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S182184","article-title":"Activation of polymeric nanoparticle intracellular targeting overcomes chemodrug resistance in human primary patient breast cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Mutawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"235","article-title":"Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in vitro and inhibition of bone resorption in vivo by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates","volume":"296","author":"Dunford","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20753","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8012","article-title":"Zoledronic acid-encapsulating self-assembling nanoparticles and doxorubicin: A combinatorial approach to overcome simultaneously chemoresistance and immunoresistance in breast tumors","volume":"7","author":"Kopecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.4161\/15384047.2014.955989","article-title":"Nanoparticles for the delivery of zoledronic acid to prostate cancer cells: A comparative analysis through time lapse video-microscopy technique","volume":"15","author":"Schiraldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2016.67","article-title":"Tackling breast cancer chemoresistance with nano-formulated siRNA","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.05.037","article-title":"Non-viral nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in breast cancer","volume":"190","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16619","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7672","article-title":"FOXM1 regulates expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase and promotes proliferation, invasion and tumorgenesis of human triple negative breast cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Hamurcu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0524-0","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of cyclin dependent kinase 11 and casein kinase 2 survival kinases as RNA interference targets for triple negative breast cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Kren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.07.001","article-title":"Triple negative breast cancer therapy with CDK1 siRNA delivered by cationic lipid assisted PEG-PLA nanoparticles","volume":"192","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0381-6","article-title":"Precise targeting of POLR2A as a therapeutic strategy for human triple negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S73269","article-title":"CaCO3\/CaIP6 composite nanoparticles effectively deliver AKT1 small interfering RNA to inhibit human breast cancer growth","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00028","article-title":"Systemic delivery of tumor-targeting siRNA nanoparticles against an oncogenic lncRNA facilitates effective triple-negative breast cancer therapy","volume":"30","author":"Vaidya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/12\/12\/1193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:42:35Z","timestamp":1760179355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/12\/12\/1193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics12121193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12121193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]}}}