{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:12:35Z","timestamp":1784556755631,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311455\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311455\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral mucositis (OM) is characterized by the presence of severe ulcers in the oral region that affects patients treated with chemotherapy. It occurs in almost all patients who receive radiotherapy of the head and neck, as well as patients who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. The pathophysiology of OM is complex, and there is no effective therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone-loaded poly(d,l-Lactic-co-glycolic) nanoparticles (PLGA-DEX NPs) on an OM model induced in hamsters. The NPs were synthesized using the emulsification-solvent evaporation method and were characterized by the size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, atomic force microscopy, physicochemical stability, and the in vitro release. The OM was induced by the administration of 5-FU on the first and second days and mechanical trauma on the 4th day of the experiment. PLGA-DEX NPs were administered to treat OM. The animals were euthanized on the 10th day. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed, measurement of malonaldehyde (MDA) and ELISA was used to determine the levels of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1. Immunoexpressions of NF-\u03baB, COX-2, and TGF-\u03b2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR was used to quantify the gene expression of the GILZ, MKP1, and NF-\u03baB p65. The PLGA-DEX NPs (0.1 mg\/kg) significantly reduced macroscopic and histopathological scores, decreased MDA, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 levels, immunostaining for NF-\u03baB, COX-2, TGF-\u03b2, and suppressed NF-\u03baB p65 mRNA expression, but increased GILZ and MKP1 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T03:00:51Z","timestamp":1609729251000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effect of Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles on Oral Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana Barbosa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurigena Antunes","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Dental Sciences, Post Graduate Program Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisie Mitchele Barbosa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaine Maria dos","family":"Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Biotechnology (TecBioFar), Post Graduate Program Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria St, Petr\u00f3polis, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arn\u00f3bio Ant\u00f4nio","family":"da Silva-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Biotechnology (TecBioFar), Post Graduate Program Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria St, Petr\u00f3polis, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlane Coelho Bernardo","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate Program Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8214-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerly Anne de Castro","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Delmiro de Farias St, Rodolfo Te\u00f3filo, Fortaleza CE 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Ferreira de Carvalho","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Delmiro de Farias St, Rodolfo Te\u00f3filo, Fortaleza CE 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Fernandes de","family":"Ara\u00fajo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Functional and Structural Biology, Post Graduate Program Health Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0793-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Barreto","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria St, Petr\u00f3polis, Natal RN 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseane Carvalho","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist of the Municipal Health Department Natal-RN, Laranja St, Cidade Nova, Natal RN 59072-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program Biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduate Program Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"A biological approach to mucositis","volume":"2","author":"Sonis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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