{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:19:42Z","timestamp":1767964782515,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18H03535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H03535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gene therapy is expected to be used for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis, which is a serious problem associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a well-known anti-fibrotic gene. We developed an ultrasound and nanobubble-mediated (sonoporation) gene transfection system, which selectively targets peritoneal tissues. Thus, we attempted to treat peritoneal fibrosis by sonoporation-based human HGF (hHGF) gene transfection in mice. To prepare a model of peritoneal fibrosis, mice were intraperitoneally injected with chlorhexidine digluconate. We evaluated the preventive and curative effects of sonoporation-based hHGF transfection by analyzing the following factors: hydroxyproline level, peritoneum thickness, and the peritoneal equilibration test. The transgene expression characteristics of sonoporation were also evaluated using multicolor deep imaging. In early-stage fibrosis in mice, transgene expression by sonoporation was observed in the submesothelial layer. Sonoporation-based hHGF transfection showed not only a preventive effect but also a curative effect for early-stage peritoneal fibrosis. Sonoporation-based hHGF transfection may be suitable for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis regarding the transfection characteristics of transgene expression in the peritoneum under fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Suppression of Peritoneal Fibrosis by Sonoporation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene-Encoding Plasmid DNA in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Koyo","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koki","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maho","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2218-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Fumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, N.R., Fatoba, S.T., Oke, J.L., Hirst, J.A., O\u2019Callaghan, C.A., Lasserson, D.S., and Hobbs, F.D. 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