{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:32:01Z","timestamp":1790645521698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an ongoing and chronic inflammatory disease affecting the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Currently, the treatment of choice consists in the direct application into the buccal cavity of semisolid formulations containing a corticosteroid molecule to decrease inflammatory signs and symptoms. However, this administration route has shown various disadvantages limiting its clinical use and efficacy. Indeed, the frequency of application and the incorrect use of the preparation may lead to a poor efficacy and limit the treatment compliance. Furthermore, the saliva clearance and the mechanical stress present in the buccal cavity also involve a decrease in the mucosal exposure to the drug. In this context, the design of a new pharmaceutical formulation, containing a steroidal anti-inflammatory, mucoadhesive, sprayable and exhibiting a sustained and controlled release seems to be suitable to overcome the main limitations of the existing pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present work reports the formulation, optimization and evaluation of the mucoadhesive and release properties of a poloxamer 407 thermosensitive hydrogel containing a poorly water-soluble corticosteroid, dexamethasone acetate (DMA), threaded into hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-\u03b2-CD) molecules. Firstly, physicochemical properties were assessed to ensure suitable complexation of DMA into HP-\u03b2-CD cavities. Then, rheological properties, in the presence and absence of various mucoadhesive agents, were determined and optimized. The hydration ratio (0.218\u20130.191), the poloxamer 407 (15\u201317 wt%) percentage and liquid-cyclodextrin state were optimized as a function of the gelation transition temperature, viscoelastic behavior and dynamic flow viscosity. Deformation and resistance properties were evaluated in the presence of various mucoadhesive compounds, being the sodium alginate and xanthan gum the most suitable to improve adhesion and mucoadhesion properties. Xanthan gum was shown as the best agent prolonging the hydrogel retention time up to 45 min. Furthermore, xanthan gum has been found as a relevant polymer matrix controlling drug release by diffusion and swelling processes in order to achieve therapeutic concentration for prolonged periods of time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Mucoadhesive Poloxamer-Based Hydrogels for the Release of HP-\u03b2-CD-Complexed Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Buccal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Raul","family":"Diaz-Salmeron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7466-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balthazar","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 8258\u2014Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Galien Paris Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Bourgeois Ducournau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Alviset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Goulay Dufa\u00ff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Hillaireau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Galien Paris Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Dufa\u00ff Wojcicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Boudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement Pharmaceutique, Agence G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Equipements et Produits de Sant\u00e9 (AGEPS), 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 8258\u2014Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Clinical features, etiology, treatment and management; a review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Boorghani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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