{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:42:57Z","timestamp":1789065777978,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP-212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida albicans is the most studied species for the candidiasis infection and is becoming resistant towards existing antifungal drugs. Considering this, in the current study, we developed and characterized a fibrin liposome-based formulation encapsulating a novel thiosemicarbazone derivative, 2C, and evaluated its antifungal efficacy against murine candidiasis. The 2C-containing formulation was prepared by encapsulating 2C within the liposomes (2C-L) that were further encapsulated in the fibrin beads (2C-FL). The in-house synthesized 2C-FLs were spherical with a zeta potential of \u221234.12 \u00b1 0.3 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 72.6 \u00b1 4.7%, and a loading efficiency of 9.21 \u00b1 2.3%, and they showed a slow and sustained release of 2C. Compared to free 2C, the formulation was non-toxic and exhibited serum stability, increased tissue specificity, and penetration. The 2C-FL formulation had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4.92 \u00b1 0.76 \u00b5g\/mL and was able to induce apoptosis and necrosis in C. albicans in vitro. The administration of 2C-FL in C. albicans-infected mice prolonged their survival and antifungal effects when compared with the free 2C. The 2C-FL antifungal therapy significantly reduced the fungal burden and displayed an improved survival rate. In conclusion, the 2C thiosemicarbazone derivative possesses a potent antifungal activity that became more advantageous upon its encapsulation in the fibrin liposome delivery system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:39:07Z","timestamp":1614904747000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhanced Efficacy of Thiosemicarbazone Derivative-Encapsulated Fibrin Liposomes against Candidiasis in Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5955-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmat Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf","family":"Alsaif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Algrain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveer Ahmad","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mashooq Ahmad","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R.O., and David, W.D. (2017). 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