{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:38:59Z","timestamp":1790372339344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the quality of pharmaceuticals and food\/dietary supplements, as it can impact the homogeneity of the substances in their dosage form and affect characteristics such as dissolution and stability. Thus, the choice of the right mixing device is paramount for compounding pharmacies. In this paper, we evaluated the mixing efficacy of a new 3-axis mixer device and determined its optimal working conditions. Three different formulations were compounded with the device and a total of 540 individual assays were performed by HPLC or ICP-MS to validate its use, in addition to a direct comparison among it and two alternative mixing methods. The 3-axis mixer device was able to provide homogeneous mixtures and finished capsules with adequate content uniformity with a broad range of conditions of use (mixing times from 2 to 8 min, and speed of rotation from 10 to 100 rpm). In addition, the device was superior to classical mixing methods (such as the use of manually shaken plastic bags) and at least equivalent to well-established ones (Y-shaped mixer). Finally, we proposed a cleaning procedure that was also adequate to prevent cross-contamination among products compounded with the same device.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1618814153000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ensuring Homogeneity in Powder Mixtures for Pharmaceuticals and Dietary Supplements: Evaluation of a 3-Axis Mixing Equipment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Marianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fagron BV, Lichtenauerlaan 182, 3062 ME Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2119-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hudson","family":"Polonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fagron BV, Lichtenauerlaan 182, 3062 ME Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcone A.L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Serhan, M., Sprowls, M., Jackemeyer, D., Long, M., Perez, I.D., Maret, W., Tao, N., and Forzani, E. (2019, January 10\u201315). Total iron measurement in human serum with a smartphone. Proceedings of the 2019 AIChE Annual Meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Orlando, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2018.03.031","article-title":"A review of current techniques for the evaluation of powder mixing","volume":"29","author":"Asachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"159","article-title":"Solid-solid mixing with static mixers","volume":"15","author":"Bauman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"721","article-title":"Mixing of solids in different mixing devices","volume":"33","author":"Bauman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Ferreira, A.D.O., Brand\u00e3o, M.A.F., and Polonini, H.C. (2018). Guia Pr\u00e1tico da Farm\u00e1cia Magistral, Editar. 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[Ph.D. Thesis, University of Birmingham]."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-013-0007-5","article-title":"The effect of lubricants on powder flowability for pharmaceutical application","volume":"14","author":"Morin","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS Pharmscitech"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"321","article-title":"Flow properties of powders and bulk solids (fundamentals)","volume":"65","author":"Schulze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(02)00343-1","article-title":"The influence of particle size on the flow of fluidised powders","volume":"131","author":"Gilbertson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(90)80177-G","article-title":"Determination and randomness in mixing of particulate solids","volume":"45","author":"Gyenis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"83","article-title":"Powder mixing","volume":"11","year":"1999","journal-title":"Powder Handl. Process."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Peltonen, J. (2019). Electrostatic Instrumentation and Measurements on Powders and Powder Mixtures. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Turku]."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/13\/4\/563\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1760161720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/13\/4\/563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics13040563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]}}}