{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:17:02Z","timestamp":1791839822051,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a common, multifactorial, inflammatory skin disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Topical therapy is the first choice in the treatment of mild to moderate acne, and azelaic acid (AZA) is one of the most commonly used drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low-dose azelaic acid nanocrystal (AZA-NC) hydrogel in the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne. The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to treatment with AZA-NC hydrogel, 10%, or AZA cream, 20%, administered in quantities of approximately 1 g twice daily for 8 weeks. Efficacy of therapy was measured by the number of lesions and safety by the frequency and severity of adverse events. At week 8, the success rate of treatment with AZA-NC hydrogel, 10%, was 36.51% (p &lt; 0.001) versus 30.37% (p &lt; 0.001) with AZA cream. At week 8, treatment with AZA-NC hydrogel, 10%, resulted in a significant reduction in total inflammatory lesions from baseline of 39.15% (p &lt; 0.001) versus 33.76% (p &lt; 0.001) with AZA cream, and a reduction in non-inflammatory lesions from baseline of 34.58% (p &lt; 0.001) versus 27.96% (p &lt; 0.001) with AZA cream, respectively. The adverse event rate was low and mostly mild.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1618814153000},"page":"567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Azelaic Acid Nanocrystal-Loaded In Situ Hydrogel in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ivona","family":"Tomi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mio\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, Prilaz baruna Filipovi\u0107a 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Pepi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kova\u010di\u0107a 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"\u0160imi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Hospital of Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2338-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Filipovi\u0107-Gr\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kova\u010di\u0107a 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/2378-1726\/6\/2\/00186","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Acne Vulgaris","volume":"6","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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