{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:45:44Z","timestamp":1790484344352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, Retina-RPE-Choroid-Sclera (RCS) and RPE-Choroid-Sclera (CS) were prepared by scraping them off neural retina, and using the Ussing chamber we measured the average time\u2013concentration values in the acceptor chamber across five isolated rabbit tissues for each drug molecule. We determined the outward direction permeability of the RCS and CS and calculated the neural retina permeability. The permeability coefficients of RCS and CS were as follows: ganciclovir, 13.78 \u00b1 5.82 and 23.22 \u00b1 9.74; brimonidine, 15.34 \u00b1 7.64 and 31.56 \u00b1 12.46; bevacizumab, 0.0136 \u00b1 0.0059 and 0.0612 \u00b1 0.0264 (\u00d710\u22126 cm\/s). The calculated permeability coefficients of the neural retina were as follows: ganciclovir, 33.89 \u00b1 12.64; brimonidine, 29.83 \u00b1 11.58; bevacizumab, 0.0205 \u00b1 0.0074 (\u00d710\u22126 cm\/s). Between brimonidine and ganciclovir, lipophilic brimonidine presented better RCS and CS permeability, whereas ganciclovir showed better calculated neural retinal permeability. The large molecular weight drug bevacizumab demonstrated a much lower permeability than brimonidine and ganciclovir. In conclusion, the ophthalmic drug permeability of RCS and CS is affected by the molecular weight and lipophilicity, and influences the intravitreal half-life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Permeability of the Retina and RPE-Choroid-Sclera to Three Ophthalmic Drugs and the Associated Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hyeong Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyounkoo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Kyoung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuncheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Joon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"961","article-title":"Drug delivery for posterior segment eye disease","volume":"41","author":"Geroski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. 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