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This problem may be solved by using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which fulfill their bactericidal activity without developing much bacterial resistance. The rapid interaction between AMPs and the bacterial cell membrane means that the bacteria cannot easily develop resistance mechanisms. In addition, various drugs for clinical use have lost their effect as a conventional treatment; however, the synergistic effect of AMPs with these drugs would help to reactivate and enhance antimicrobial activity. Their efficiency against multi-resistant and extensively resistant bacteria has positioned them as promising molecules to replace or improve conventional drugs. In this review, we examined the importance of antimicrobial peptides and their successful activity against critical and high-priority bacteria published in the WHO list.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13060773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Challenge in the Discovery of New Drugs: Antimicrobial Peptides against WHO-List of Critical and High-Priority Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar Augusto","family":"Roque-Borda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Bento","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosar Corr\u00eaa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Bentes","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Di Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatas L.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6698-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlus","family":"Chorilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9154-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Festozo Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences and Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Tup\u00e3 17602-496, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Pavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111405","article-title":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing silver as novel antimycobacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"197","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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