{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1771260398530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Standards of care for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are based on drugs used parenterally, and oral treatment options are urgently needed. In the present study, a repurposing strategy was used associating tamoxifen (TMX) with polyethylene glycol-block-polylactide nanocapsules (NC) and its anti-leishmanial efficacy was reported in vivo. Stable surface modified-NC (5 mg\/mL of TMX) exhibited 200 nm in size, +42 mV of zeta potential, and 98% encapsulation efficiency. Atomic force microscopy evidenced core-shell-NC. Treatment with TMX-NC reduced parasite-DNA quantified in liver and spleen compared to free-TMX; and provided a similar reduction of parasite burden compared with meglumine antimoniate in mice and hamster models. Image-guided biodistribution showed accumulation of NC in liver and spleen after 30 min post-administration. TMX-NC reduced the number of liver granulomas and restored the aspect of capsules and trabeculae in the spleen of infected animals. TMX-NC was tested for the first time against VL models, indicating a promising formulation for oral treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13071061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:23:36Z","timestamp":1626049416000},"page":"1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Repositioning of Tamoxifen in Surface-Modified Nanocapsules as a Promising Oral Treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Faria","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Levi Eduardo Soares","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology, Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Guimar\u00e3es Carvalho","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas Daniel","family":"Dophine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Roberto","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanderson Geraldo","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Morphopathology, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareth Spangler","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center\u2013SENAI\/CETEC, Laboratory of Nanoscopy, Belo Horizonte 31035-536, 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