{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:23:10Z","timestamp":1791404590729,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPIS-001-FIO-18-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPIS-001-FIO-18-41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/S023054\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S023054\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For the last 40 years, praziquantel has been the standard treatment for schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people worldwide. However, there is no suitable paediatric formulation on the market, leading to off-label use and the splitting of commercial tablets for adults. In this study, we use a recently available technology, direct powder extrusion (DPE) three-dimensional printing (3DP), to prepare paediatric Printlets\u2122 (3D printed tablets) of amorphous solid dispersions of praziquantel with Kollidon\u00ae VA 64 and surfactants (Span\u2122 20 or Kolliphor\u00ae SLS). Printlets were successfully printed from both pellets and powders obtained from extrudates by hot melt extrusion (HME). In vitro dissolution studies showed a greater than four-fold increase in praziquantel release, due to the formation of amorphous solid dispersions. In vitro palatability data indicated that the printlets were in the range of praziquantel tolerability, highlighting the taste masking capabilities of this technology without the need for additional taste masking excipients. This work has demonstrated the possibility of 3D printing tablets using pellets or powder forms obtained by HME, avoiding the use of filaments in fused deposition modelling 3DP. Moreover, the main formulation hurdles of praziquantel, such as low drug solubility, inadequate taste, and high and variable dose requirements, can be overcome using this technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1626993331000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Direct Powder Extrusion 3D Printing of Praziquantel to Overcome Neglected Disease Formulation Challenges in Paediatric Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Janine","family":"Boniatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMT Mines Albi-Carmaux, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France"},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 CEP 22.775-903, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5717-6400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricija","family":"Januskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds B. da","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 CEP 22.775-903, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra L.","family":"Vi\u00e7osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 CEP 22.775-903, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio C.","family":"Amendoeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 CEP 22.775-903, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8384-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Tuleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5368-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul W.","family":"Basit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"},{"name":"FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3378-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Goyanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"},{"name":"FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK"},{"name":"I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacia y Tecnolog\u00eda Farmaceutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-In\u00eas","family":"R\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMT Mines Albi-Carmaux, CNRS UMR 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France"},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 CEP 22.775-903, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrr.jhrr_92_17","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: A neglected tropical disease of poverty: A call for intersectoral mitigation strategies for better health","volume":"5","author":"Karunamoorthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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