{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:25:51Z","timestamp":1792697151824,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pharmaceutical products containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prescribed topical formulations used for analgesic and antirheumatic properties. These drugs must overcome the skin barrier to cause a therapeutic effect. Human skin has been widely used as a model to study in vitro drug diffusion and permeation, however, it suffers from many limitations. Therefore, to perform in vitro permeation test (IVPT), we used a Strat-M\u00ae membrane with diffusion characteristics well-correlated to human skin. This study\u2019s objective was to optimize the IVPT conditions using Plackett\u2013Burman experimental design for bio-predictive evaluation of the in vitro permeation rates of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, etofenamate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen) across Strat-M\u00ae membrane from commercial topical formulations. The Plackett\u2013Burman factorial design was used to screen the effect of seven factors in eight runs with one additional center point. This tool allowed us to set the sensitive and discriminative IVPT final conditions that can appropriately characterize the NSAIDs formulations. The permeation rate of etofenamate (ETF) across the Strat-M\u00ae membrane was 1.7\u201314.8 times faster than other NSAIDs from selected semisolids but 1.6 times slower than the ETF spray formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1629673167000},"page":"1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Optimization and Evaluation of the In Vitro Permeation Parameters of Topical Products with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs through Strat-M\u00ae Membrane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6450-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Milanowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Wosicka-Fr\u0105ckowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"G\u0142\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Sosnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Wo\u017any","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Stachowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o. o., ul. Na K\u0119pie 3, 64-360 Zb\u0105szy\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Suchenek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MYLAN Healthcare Sp. z o. o., ul. Post\u0119pu 21B, 02-676 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wilkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MYLAN Healthcare Sp. z o. o., ul. Post\u0119pu 21B, 02-676 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.11.007","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys","volume":"45","author":"Rannou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. 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