{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:35:07Z","timestamp":1792128907363,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007109","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIR 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIR 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007109","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAR 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections due to HSV-1 affect many people all over the world. To counteract this pathology, usually characterized by perioral sores or by less frequent serious symptoms including keratitis, synthetic antiviral drugs are employed, such as acyclovir, often resulting in resistant viral strains under long-term use. Many plant-derived compounds, such as mangiferin and quercetin, have demonstrated antiviral potentials. In this study, smart semisolid forms based on phosphatidylcholine and Pluronic were investigated as delivery systems to administer mangiferin on skin and mucosae affected by HSV-1 infection. Particularly, lecithin organogels, Pluronic gel, and Pluronic lecithin organogels were formulated and characterized. After the selection of gel compositions, physical aspects, such as rheological behavior, spreadability, leakage, and adhesion were evaluated, suggesting a scarce suitability of the lecithin organogel for topical administration. Mangiferin was efficiently included in all type of gels. An in vitro study based on the Franz cell enabled us to find evidence of the gel capability to control drug diffusion, especially in the case of Pluronic organogel, while an in vivo study conducted on human volunteers demonstrated the safeness of all of the gels after cutaneous administration. Furthermore, a plaque reduction assay demonstrated the virucidal effect of mangiferin loaded in a Pluronic gel and a Pluronic lecithin organogel against the HSV-1 KOS strain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T22:09:39Z","timestamp":1629842979000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mangiferin-Loaded Smart Gels for HSV-1 Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mariaconcetta","family":"Sicurella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2100-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Sguizzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Cortesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Simeli\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Montesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-0491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8416-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0428-0_1","article-title":"HSV-1 Biology and Life Cycle","volume":"Volume 1144","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus. 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