{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:40:47Z","timestamp":1792629647854,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15 DE028701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15 DE028701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The buccal mucosa provides an alternative route of drug delivery that can be more beneficial compared to other administration routes. Although numerous studies and reviews have been published on buccal drug delivery, an extensive review of the permeability data is not available. Understanding the buccal mucosa barrier could provide insights into the approaches to effective drug delivery and optimization of dosage forms. This paper provides a review on the permeability of the buccal mucosa. The intrinsic permeability coefficients of porcine buccal mucosa were collected. Large variability was observed among the published permeability data. The permeability coefficients were then analyzed using a model involving parallel lipoidal and polar transport pathways. For the lipoidal pathway, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant octanol\/water partition coefficients (Kow) and molecular weight (MW) in a subset of the permeability data under specific conditions. The permeability analysis suggested that the buccal permeation barrier was less lipophilic than octanol. For the polar pathway and macromolecules, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant MW. The hindered transport analysis suggested an effective pore radius of 1.5 to 3 nm for the buccal membrane barrier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:24:22Z","timestamp":1635805462000},"page":"1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Permeability of Buccal Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1173-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apipa","family":"Wanasathop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya B","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyojin A.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8626-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Kevin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120024178","article-title":"Buccal delivery systems","volume":"29","author":"Hao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v22.i3.20","article-title":"Advances in buccal drug delivery","volume":"22","author":"Birudaraj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. 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