{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:07:22Z","timestamp":1791925642928,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":516,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007706","name":"Ministry of Economic Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F\/050347\/01_03\/X32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\/050347\/01_03\/X32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003852","name":"Regione Campania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DIP. 54-DG 91 n. 403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIP. 54-DG 91 n. 403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004710","name":"Fondazione Umberto Veronesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and\/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as \u2018protein misfolding\u2019 diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and\/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1\u2013100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1636409321000},"page":"1897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6295-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Montesarchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1383-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Sampaolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariarosa Anna Beatrice","family":"Melone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028035","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","article-title":"Pathology of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dugger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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