{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:09:19Z","timestamp":1781316559076,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ImPRESS\u201d project of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant","award":["No 754432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 754432"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STRATEGMED2\/269807\/14\/NCBR\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STRATEGMED2\/269807\/14\/NCBR\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic ulcerative and hard-healing wounds are a growing global concern. Skin substitutes, including acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), have shown beneficial effects in healing processes. Presently, the vast majority of currently available ADMs are processed from xenobiotic or cadaveric skin. Here we propose a novel strategy for ADM preparation from human abdominoplasty-derived skin. Skin was processed using three different methods of decellularization involving the use of ionic detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS, in hADM 1), non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100 in hADM 2), and a combination of recombinant trypsin and Triton X-100 (in hADM 3). We next evaluated the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of this novel hADM by using an in vitro model of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture, flow cytometry, and cytokine assays. We found that similarly sourced but differentially processed hADMs possess distinct immunogenicity. hADM 1 showed no immunogenic effects as evidenced by low T cell proliferation and no significant change in cytokine profile. In contrast, hADMs 2 and 3 showed relatively higher immunogenicity. Moreover, our novel hADMs exerted no effect on T cell composition after three-day of coincubation. However, we observed significant changes in the composition of monocytes, indicating their maturation toward a phenotype possessing anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Taken together, we showed here that abdominoplasty skin is suitable for hADM manufacturing. More importantly, the use of SDS-based protocols for the purposes of dermal matrix decellularization allows for the preparation of non-immunogenic scaffolds with high therapeutic potential. Despite these encouraging results, further studies are needed to evaluate the beneficial effects of our hADM 1 on deep and hard-healing wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:47:36Z","timestamp":1639604856000},"page":"2164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Skin Substitute Preparation Method Induces Immunomodulatory Changes in Co-Incubated Cells through Collagen Modification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jordan","family":"Holl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2675-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Pawlukianiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Corton Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5379-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Groth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Grubczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hady Razak","family":"Hady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Dadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Reszec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Czaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Moniuszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8980-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Eljaszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13569","article-title":"Update on management of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"1411","author":"Everett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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