{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:50:29Z","timestamp":1781113829362,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. There are a few antibiotics under development, and even fewer with new modes of action and no cross-resistance to established antibiotics. Accordingly, reformulation of old antibiotics to overcome resistance is attractive. Nano-mupirocin is a PEGylated nano-liposomal formulation of mupirocin, potentially enabling parenteral use in deep infections, as previously demonstrated in several animal models. Here, we describe extensive in vitro profiling of mupirocin and Nano-mupirocin and correlate the resulting MIC data with the pharmacokinetic profiles seen for Nano-mupirocin in a rat model. Nano-mupirocin showed no cross-resistance with other antibiotics and retained full activity against vancomycin-, daptomycin-, linezolid- and methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Following Nano-mupirocin injection to rats, plasma levels greatly exceeded relevant MICs for &gt;24 h, and a biodistribution study in mice showed that mupirocin concentrations in vaginal secretions greatly exceeded the MIC90 for N. gonorrhoeae (0.03 \u00b5g\/mL) for &gt;24 h. In summary, Nano-mupirocin has excellent potential for treatment of several infection types involving multiresistant bacteria. It has the concomitant benefits from utilizing an established antibiotic and liposomes of the same size and lipid composition as Doxil\u00ae, an anticancer drug product now used for the treatment of over 700,000 patients globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:50:18Z","timestamp":1639968618000},"page":"2186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Injectable Nano-Mupirocin Liposomes for Infections Involving Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ahuva","family":"Cern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaelle","family":"Bavli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atara","family":"Hod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9255-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Zilbersheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazad","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayelet","family":"Michael-Gayego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinorah","family":"Barasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mass Spectrometry Unit, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Feinstein Rotkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Light Microscopy Laboratory, Core Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allon E.","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Livermore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yechezkel","family":"Barenholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1910209","article-title":"Interaction of pseudomonic acid A with Escherichia coli B isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"191","author":"Hughes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. 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