{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:33:16Z","timestamp":1785774796064,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/2551- 0001864-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/2551- 0001864-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003046","name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20.18.03.004.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.18.03.004.00.00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria that affect the intestinal tract of poultry. However, strain resistance and drug residue in the carcass have drawn the attention of the productive sector. The nanotechnology can improve the biological effect of drugs, reducing of administered doses and toxic effects. Due to this, toltrazuril-load polymeric nanoparticles based on Eudragit\u00ae S100 (NCt) or poly-\u03b5-caprolactone (LNCt) were developed to prevent coccidiosis in broilers. Nanoformulations were produced and showed homogeneous particle diameter distribution in the nanometer range (z-average and D (4.3) &lt; 200 nm), negative zeta potential (&lt;\u22128.93 mV), drug content ~100%, and encapsulation efficiency &gt;90%. Cell viability assays using avian fibroblasts showed that LNCt presented no relevant toxicity up to 72 h. LNCt was then prophylactically administrated to chicken followed by challenge with Eimeria oocysts. The evaluation of the small intestine and cecum showed that the treatment with LNCt (3.5 mg\/kg\/day) in drinking water reduced the lesion scores and oocysts excretion, similar to the reference medicine containing toltrazuril (Baycox\u00ae, 7 mg\/kg\/day). The current study shows the potential protective use of nanoencapsulating anticoccidial drugs as a promising approach for the control of coccidiosis in poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:35:51Z","timestamp":1644546951000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toltrazuril-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules as a Promising Approach for the Preventive Control of Coccidiosis in Poultry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lana Fl\u00e1via","family":"Baron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco No\u00e9 da","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Su\u00ednos e Aves, BR 153 Km 110 s\/n, Conc\u00f3rdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6038-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaiana Salete","family":"Maciag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paran\u00e1, Al. Elio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciana Aparecida Volpato","family":"Bellaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Conc\u00f3rdia, Rd. SC 283 s\/n, Conc\u00f3rdia 89703-720, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0626-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana M\u00e9rcia Guaratini","family":"Ibeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Su\u00ednos e Aves, BR 153 Km 110 s\/n, Conc\u00f3rdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Ant\u00f4nio Zanella","family":"Mores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Su\u00ednos e Aves, BR 153 Km 110 s\/n, Conc\u00f3rdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabryelle Furtado de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Stanis\u00e7uaski","family":"Guterres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Almeida","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Su\u00ednos e Aves, BR 153 Km 110 s\/n, Conc\u00f3rdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Paese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1048-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and control of Chicken coccidiosis: A recent update","volume":"42","author":"Fatoba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gazoni, F.L. (2015). Preval\u00eancia de coccidiose e correla\u00e7\u00e3o com a sa\u00fade intestinal de frangos de corte em agroind\u00fastrias brasileiras entre os anos de 2012 a 2014. 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