{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:21:11Z","timestamp":1783938071015,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFH0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFH0143"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0194"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite various drugs work against Candida, candidiasis represents clinical management challenges worldwide due to the rising incidence and recurrence rate, as well as epidemics, of new drug-resistant pathogens. Recent insights into interactions between Candida and hosts contribute to exploring novel therapeutic strategies, termed host-directed therapies (HDTs). HDTs are viable adjuncts with good efficacy for the existing standard antifungal regimens. However, HDTs induce other response unintendedly, thus requiring molecular targets with highly specificity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with highly specific expression patterns could affect biological processes, including the immune response. Herein, this review will summarize recent advances of HDTs based on the Candida\u2013host interaction. Especially, the findings and application strategies of lncRNAs related to the host response are emphasized. We propose it is feasible to target lncRNAs to modulate the host defense during Candida infection, which provides a new perspective in identifying options of HDTs for candidiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["LncRNA: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapy of Candida Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongdan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii31","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw394","article-title":"The current treatment landscape: Other fungal diseases (cryptococcosis, fusariosis and mucormycosis)","volume":"71","author":"Lortholary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.26","article-title":"Invasive Candidiasis","volume":"4","author":"Pappas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","article-title":"Invasive Candidiasis","volume":"373","author":"Kullberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhary, A., Sharma, C., and Meis, J.F. (2017). Candida auris: A rapidly emerging cause of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant fungal infections globally. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006290"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3310-z","article-title":"A multicenter study of septic shock due to candidemia: Outcomes and predictors of mortality","volume":"40","author":"Bassetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3866-2","article-title":"A multicenter multinational study of abdominal candidiasis: Epidemiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality","volume":"41","author":"Bassetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967699","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2021.1967699","article-title":"Mycotic infections\u2014Mucormycosis and oral candidiasis associated with COVID-19: A significant and challenging association","volume":"13","author":"Nambiar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2301.161198","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hospitalizations Associated with Invasive Candidiasis, United States, 2002\u201320121","volume":"23","author":"Strollo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez-Garcia, A., Arteta, B., Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio, A., Pellon, A., Antoran, A., Marquez, J., Rementeria, A., and Hernando, F.L. (2013). Candida albicans Increases Tumor Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells in vitro: Intraspecific Differences and Importance of the Mannose Receptor. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053584"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azevedo, M.M., Pina-Vaz, C., and Baltazar, F. (2020). Microbes and Cancer: Friends or Faux?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093115"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallianou, N., Kounatidis, D., Christodoulatos, G., Panagopoulos, F., Karampela, I., and Dalamaga, M. (2021). Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133149"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00036","article-title":"Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis","volume":"8","author":"Scorzoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.127","article-title":"Recent advances in delivery of antifungal agents for therapeutic management of candidiasis","volume":"96","author":"Sawant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"57","article-title":"New pathogens, new tricks: Emerging, drug-resistant fungal pathogens and future prospects for antifungal therapeutics","volume":"1435","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12904","article-title":"Candida auris\u2014The growing menace to global health","volume":"62","author":"Lone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S445","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix131","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant Candida: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Treatment","volume":"216","author":"Arendrup","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Asl, M.H., Khelejani, F.P., Mahdavi, S.Z.B., Emrahi, L., Jebelli, A., and Mokhtarzadeh, A. (2022). The various regulatory functions of long noncoding RNAs in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cellular senescence. J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1748930","article-title":"The regulation of hyphae growth in Candida albicans","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fchbacher, A., Burger-Kentischer, A., and Rupp, S. (2017). Interaction of Candida Species with the Skin. Microorganisms, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms5020032"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2711","article-title":"Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: Discriminating invasion from colonization","volume":"10","author":"Gow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00481","article-title":"Modulating Host Signaling Pathways to Promote Resistance to Infection by Candida albicans","volume":"7","author":"Carpino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2015.1014270","article-title":"The role of pattern recognition receptors in the innate recognition of Candida albicans","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112240","article-title":"Innate Immune Pattern Recognition: A Cell Biological Perspective","volume":"33","author":"Brubaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.05.012","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and microbes take aim at each other","volume":"16","author":"Underhill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, A., Davies, L.C., Liao, C.-T., Da Fonseca, D.M., Griffiths, J., Andrews, R., Jones, A.V., Clement, M., Brown, G.D., and Humphreys, I.R. (2019). The protective effect of inflammatory monocytes during systemic C. albicans infection is dependent on collaboration between C-type lectin-like receptors. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007850"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1815","article-title":"An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system","volume":"6","author":"Netea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00840-08","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Deoxynucleic Acids from Candida albicans","volume":"77","author":"Miyazato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3897","article-title":"Immune defence against Candida fungal infections","volume":"15","author":"Netea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27114","article-title":"Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors","volume":"116","author":"Netea","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MR0318-096R","article-title":"Understanding early TLR signaling through the Myddosome","volume":"105","author":"Balka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00053-4","article-title":"Functional Diversity and Regulation of Different Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (IRAK) Family Members","volume":"11","author":"Janssens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01849","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor Regulation of Nuclear Factor \u03baB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.08.002","article-title":"A Biphasic Innate Immune MAPK Response Discriminates between the Yeast and Hyphal Forms of Candida albicans in Epithelial Cells","volume":"8","author":"Moyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","article-title":"Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity","volume":"180","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.11.013","article-title":"Role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in immune responses to fungal infections","volume":"808","author":"Taghavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.10.011","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host immune responses in major infectious diseases: A review","volume":"20","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.2741\/4281","article-title":"Role of IFN-gamma in immune responses to Candida albicans infections","volume":"19","author":"Gozalbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.07.001","article-title":"The role of Dectin-1 in the host defence against fungal infections","volume":"14","author":"Drummond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marakalala, M., Vautier, S., Potrykus, J., Walker, L.A., Shepardson, K.M., Hopke, A., Mora-Montes, H.M., Kerrigan, A., Netea, M.G., and Murray, G.I. (2013). Differential Adaptation of Candida albicans in vivo Modulates Immune Recognition by Dectin-1. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/7821bda1-dde3-4e72-b688-447b6bca20ea"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01608-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01608-21","article-title":"Signaling through Syk or CARD9 Mediates Species-Specific Anti- Candida Protection in Bone Marrow Chimeric Mice","volume":"12","author":"Zajta","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.58","article-title":"C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-\u03baB activation in innate immune and inflammatory responses","volume":"9","author":"Kingeter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.023","article-title":"Immune Interactions with Pathogenic and Commensal Fungi: A Two-Way Street","volume":"43","author":"Underhill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2222","article-title":"Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1\u03b2 via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome","volume":"13","author":"Gringhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat0979","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat0979","article-title":"Human \u03b2-defensin 2 kills Candida albicans through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate\u2013mediated membrane permeabilization","volume":"4","author":"Phan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103564","article-title":"IL-33 Priming Regulates Multiple Steps of the Neutrophil-Mediated Anti-Candida albicans Response by Modulating TLR and Dectin-1 Signals","volume":"189","author":"Le","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lionakis, M.S., Fischer, B.G., Lim, J.K., Swamydas, M., Wan, W., Richard Lee, C.-C., Cohen, J.I., Scheinberg, P., Gao, J.-L., and Murphy, P.M. (2012). Chemokine Receptor Ccr1 Drives Neutrophil-Mediated Kidney Immunopathology and Mortality in Invasive Candidiasis. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002865"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"316","article-title":"Host response to Candida albicans bloodstream infection and sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Duggan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit574","article-title":"Human Natural Killer Cells Acting as Phagocytes against Candida albicans and Mounting an Inflammatory Response That Modulates Neutrophil Antifungal Activity","volume":"209","author":"Voigt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00606-12","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells and Antifungal Host Response","volume":"20","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15834-4","article-title":"Neutrophil swarming delays the growth of clusters of pathogenic fungi","volume":"11","author":"Hopke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.014","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in toxicity of cell wall stress to Candida albicans","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21820","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100516RR","article-title":"Candida albicans-induced leukotriene biosynthesis in neutrophils is restricted to the hyphal morphology","volume":"35","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-018-0098-6","article-title":"The Role of Neutrophils in Host Defense against Invasive Fungal Infections","volume":"5","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328146","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/328146","article-title":"IL-34 Suppresses Candida albicans Induced TNF\u03b1Production in M1 Macrophages by Downregulating Expression of Dectin-1 and TLR2","volume":"2015","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit413","article-title":"Inflammatory Monocytes Mediate Early and Organ-Specific Innate Defense During Systemic Candidiasis","volume":"209","author":"Ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.648988","article-title":"GLUT3 as an Intersection of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism and the Innate Immune Response to Candida albicans","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02221-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02221-18","article-title":"Candidalysin Crucially Contributes to Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation by Candida albicans Hyphae","volume":"10","author":"Rogiers","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201300508","article-title":"Proteomic characterization of human proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and their response to Candida albicans","volume":"14","author":"Corbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643121","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.643121","article-title":"Deletion of the ATP2 Gene in Candida albicans Blocks Its Escape From Macrophage Clearance","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020484118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020484118","article-title":"Immune cells fold and damage fungal hyphae","volume":"118","author":"Bain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.21","article-title":"Interactions of fungal pathogens with phagocytes","volume":"14","author":"Erwig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.010","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b2 Production via Dectin-1-Syk-IRF5 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Is Crucial for Immunity to C. albicans","volume":"38","author":"Soulat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"900","article-title":"Th17 cells confer long-term adaptive immunity to oral mucosal Candida albicans infections","volume":"6","author":"Huppler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0713-363RR","article-title":"NK cells kill mycobacteria directly by releasing perforin and granulysin","volume":"96","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit534","article-title":"Exacerbation of Invasive Candida albicans Infection by Commensal Bacteria or a Glycolipid Through IFN-\u03b3 Produced in Part by iNKT Cells","volume":"209","author":"Tarumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00540-z","article-title":"Fibroblasts as immune regulators in infection, inflammation and cancer","volume":"21","author":"Davidson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00163-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00163-21","article-title":"Oral Epithelial Cells Distinguish between Candida Species with High or Low Pathogenic Potential through MicroRNA Regulation","volume":"6","author":"Nagy","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.007","article-title":"Skin Immunity to Candida albicans","volume":"37","author":"Kashem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa070","article-title":"IL-1\u03b1 released from oral epithelial cells upon candidalysin exposure initiates an early innate epithelial response","volume":"33","author":"Hanaoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041197","article-title":"IL-22 and TNF-\u03b1 represent a key cytokine combination for epidermal integrity during infection with Candida albicans","volume":"41","author":"Eyerich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02446.x","article-title":"CXC and CC chemokines induced in human renal epithelial cells by inflammatory cytokines","volume":"117","author":"Krasna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00150","article-title":"Reduced CX3CL1 Secretion Contributes to the Susceptibility of Oral Leukoplakia-Associated Fibroblasts to Candida albicans","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4103","article-title":"From sentinel cells to inflammatory culprits: Cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumour-related inflammation","volume":"229","author":"Servais","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, A.E.R., Pereira, M.C.A., Belew, A.T., Ferreira, L.R.P., Pereira, L., Neves, E.G.A., Nunes, M.D.C.P., Burleigh, B.A., Dutra, W.O., and El-Sayed, N.M. (2020). Gene expression network analyses during infection with virulent and avirulent Trypanosoma cruzi strains unveil a role for fibroblasts in neutrophil recruitment and activation. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008781"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00641-0","article-title":"Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.05.005","article-title":"Recognition of Candida albicans by Dectin-1 induces mast cell activation","volume":"220","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9951-9","article-title":"Mast Cells Kill Candida albicans in the Extracellular Environment but Spare Ingested Fungi from Death","volume":"37","author":"Trevisan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.09.004","article-title":"Mast cells phagocyte Candida albicans and produce nitric oxide by mechanisms involving TLR2 and Dectin-1","volume":"221","author":"Pinke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02829","article-title":"Mast Cells Respond to Candida albicans Infections and Modulate Macrophages Phagocytosis of the Fungus","volume":"9","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.034","article-title":"IL-9 and Mast Cells Are Key Players of Candida albicans Commensalism and Pathogenesis in the Gut","volume":"23","author":"Renga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01465","article-title":"Candida spp. Determination and Th1\/Th2 Mixed Cytokine Profile in Oral Samples From HIV+ Patients with Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit722","article-title":"Clinical Features of Candidiasis in Patients with Inherited Interleukin 12 Receptor \u03b21 Deficiency","volume":"58","author":"Ouederni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.002","article-title":"IL-17 Regulates Systemic Fungal Immunity by Controlling the Functional Competence of NK Cells","volume":"40","author":"Whitney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.009","article-title":"Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655027","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.655027","article-title":"Neonatal T Helper 17 Responses Are Skewed Towards an Immunoregulatory Interleukin-22 Phenotype","volume":"12","author":"Razzaghian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.002","article-title":"CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Promote Th17 Cells In Vitro and Enhance Host Resistance in Mouse Candida albicans Th17 Cell Infection Model","volume":"34","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3701-1-20","article-title":"Role of dendritic cells in the induction of regulatory T cells","volume":"1","author":"Kushwah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2015.1004977","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses to Candida albicans infection","volume":"6","author":"Richardson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"4631","article-title":"B Cell Recognition of Candida albicans Hyphae via TLR 2 Promotes IgG1 and IL-6 Secretion for TH17 Differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Wich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601572","article-title":"Antibody-Independent Function of Human B Cells Contributes to Antifungal T Cell Responses","volume":"198","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.06.006","article-title":"Candida albicans cell shaving uncovers new proteins involved in cell wall integrity, yeast to hypha transition, stress response and host\u2013pathogen interaction","volume":"127","author":"Solis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5273-5279.2003","article-title":"A Monoclonal Antibody Directed against a Candida albicans Cell Wall Mannoprotein Exerts Three Anti- C. albicans Activities","volume":"71","author":"Moragues","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.2015116","article-title":"Functionality of the human antibody response to Candida albicans","volume":"12","author":"Wich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30442-5","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic approaches to treatment of fungal diseases","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delsing, C.E., Gresnigt, M.S., Leentjens, J., Preijers, F., Frager, F.A., Kox, M., Monneret, G., Venet, F., Bleeker-Rovers, C.P., and Van De Veerdonk, F.L. (2014). Interferon-gamma as adjunctive immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections: A case series. BMC Infect. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-166"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.01.001","article-title":"Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Petrina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1086\/421960","article-title":"Design of Efficacy Trials of Cytokines in Combination with Antifungal Drugs","volume":"39","author":"Kullberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1999.00474.x","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients: Rapid neutrophil recovery is a risk factor for severe pulmonary complications","volume":"29","author":"Todeschini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu215","article-title":"CARD9 Deficiency and Spontaneous Central Nervous System Candidiasis: Complete Clinical Remission With GM-CSF Therapy","volume":"59","author":"Gavino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050185","article-title":"Potential Utility of Recombinant Human GM-CSF as Adjunctive Treatment of Refractory Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in AIDS Patients","volume":"17","author":"Vazquez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1310\/LF5T-WYY7-0U3E-G8BQ","article-title":"Use of Sargramostim (rh-GM-CSF) As Adjunctive Treatment of Fluconazole-Refractory Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Patients with AIDS: A Pilot Study","volume":"1","author":"Vazquez","year":"2000","journal-title":"HIV Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108731","article-title":"Invasive fungal disease and the immunocompromised host including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Improved understanding and new strategic approach with sargramostim","volume":"228","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.436","article-title":"Recombinant Interferon- Enhances Resistance to Acute Disseminated Candida albicans Infection in Mice","volume":"168","author":"Kullberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201750251981","article-title":"A Phase III Study of Recombinant Human Interferon Gamma to Prevent Opportunistic Infections in Advanced HIV Disease","volume":"17","author":"Riddell","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14597","article-title":"Granulocyte transfusions in the management of invasive fungal infections","volume":"177","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"362","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed leukocyte transfusions in candida tropicalis fungemia in neutropenic patients","volume":"82","author":"Sica","year":"1997","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20710","article-title":"Impact of high-dose granulocyte transfusions in patients with cancer with candidemia","volume":"101","author":"Safdar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4397","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-1775","article-title":"Transferring functional immune responses to pathogens after haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation","volume":"106","author":"Perruccio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312789111","article-title":"Bioengineering T cells to target carbohydrate to treat opportunistic fungal infection","volume":"111","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.12.009","article-title":"T-cells of invasive candidiasis patients show patterns of T-cell-exhaustion suggesting checkpoint blockade as treatment option","volume":"84","author":"Mellinghoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108263","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202108263","article-title":"Orchestrated Yolk\u2013Shell Nanohybrids Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Dendritic Cell Maturation for Oncotherapy with Augmented Antitumor Immunity","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla, M., Chandley, P., and Rohatgi, S. (2021). The Role of B-Cells and Antibodies against Candida Vaccine Antigens in Invasive Candidiasis. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101159"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.038","article-title":"NDV-3, a recombinant alum-adjuvanted vaccine for Candida and Staphylococcus aureus, is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults","volume":"30","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.069","article-title":"A virosomal vaccine against candidal vaginitis: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety profile in animal models","volume":"30","author":"Amacker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1086\/503428","article-title":"A Randomized, Blinded, Multicenter Trial of Lipid-Associated Amphotericin B Alone versus in Combination with an Antibody-Based Inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Patients with Invasive Candidiasis","volume":"42","author":"Pachl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.10.008","article-title":"Antifungal drugs: New insights in research & development","volume":"195","author":"Nicola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30305-6","article-title":"Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: Host-directed therapies should be an option","volume":"395","author":"Zumla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.162","article-title":"Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections","volume":"17","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12139","article-title":"Effects of oral moisturising gel containing egg yolk antibodies against Candida albicansin older people","volume":"33","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3999","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.5121","article-title":"Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease in Recipients of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Phase IV Trial","volume":"33","author":"Wan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy185","article-title":"A Fungal Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (NDV-3A) for Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis\u2014A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"66","author":"Edwards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12634","article-title":"Vitamin D-supplemented yogurt drink reduces Candida infections in a paediatric intensive care unit: A randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(89)90197-7","article-title":"Phase II study of D.651, an oral vaccine designed to prevent recurrences of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"7","author":"Levy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.4.907.907","article-title":"Phase I trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with invasive fungal infections","volume":"78","author":"Nemunaitis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.5.1422.1422","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive fungal disease who received adjunctive therapy with recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"82","author":"Nemunaitis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.867829","article-title":"Effect of HIV-1 subtype and tropism on treatment with chemokine coreceptor entry inhibitors; overview of viral entry inhibition","volume":"41","author":"Panos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i1.12","article-title":"Safety of interferon \u03b2 treatment for chronic HCV hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Festi","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790386","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.790386","article-title":"Bridging the Gap: Connecting the Mechanisms of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Autoimmunity Through PD-1","volume":"9","author":"Mor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-325266","article-title":"Autoimmunity associated with immunotherapy of cancer","volume":"118","author":"Amos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118579","article-title":"Roles of long noncoding RNAs in bacterial infection","volume":"263","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40598","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40598","article-title":"Massive Effect on LncRNAs in Human Monocytes During Fungal and Bacterial Infections and in Response to Vitamins A and D","volume":"7","author":"Riege","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00454","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNAs Involved in Pathogenic Infection","volume":"11","author":"Shirahama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.142","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: Coming of age","volume":"18","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104963","article-title":"Gene expression profile and long noncoding RNA analysis in Candida albicans insoluble \u03b2-glucan-stimulated CD14+ monocytes and THP-1 cells","volume":"157","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.07.003","article-title":"Linking Long Noncoding RNA Localization and Function","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01057-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01057-20","article-title":"NF-\u03baB-Interacting Long Noncoding RNA Regulates HIV-1 Replication and Latency by Repressing NF-\u03baB Signaling","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.04.011","article-title":"A Novel LncRNA, AK130181, Contributes to HIV-1 Latency by Regulating Viral Promoter-Driven Gene Expression in Primary CD4+ T Cells","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.07.023","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA NKILA alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"571","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.02.004","article-title":"A Cytoplasmic NF-\u03baB Interacting Long Noncoding RNA Blocks I\u03baB Phosphorylation and Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0207-y","article-title":"NKILA lncRNA promotes tumor immune evasion by sensitizing T cells to activation-induced cell death","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02229-1","article-title":"The LPS-inducible lncRNA Mirt2 is a negative regulator of inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"188316","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs and nuclear factor-\u03baB crosstalk in cancer and other human diseases","volume":"1873","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80291-4","article-title":"LncRNA HOTAIR regulates glucose transporter Glut1 expression and glucose uptake in macrophages during inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Obaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200970","article-title":"LncRNA HOTAIR modulates hepatitis B virus transcription and replication by enhancing SP1 transcription factor","volume":"134","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33722-2","article-title":"LncRNA HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression and inflammatory response in macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Obaid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.01.117","article-title":"LncRNA-HOTAIR promotes TNF-\u03b1 production in cardiomyocytes of LPS-induced sepsis mice by activating NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"471","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23263","article-title":"lnc-HOTAIR predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 following direct-acting antivirals therapy","volume":"59","author":"Elshimy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00762","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00762","article-title":"A mammalian pseudogene lncRNA at the interface of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapeutics","volume":"2","author":"Rapicavoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.04.019","article-title":"The STAT3-regulated long non-coding RNA Lethe promote the HCV replication","volume":"72","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zgheib, C., Hodges, M.M., Hu, J., Liechty, K.W., and Xu, J. (2017). Long non-coding RNA Lethe regulates hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species production in macrophages. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177453"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12315","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through its interaction with NF-\u03baB","volume":"590","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"3951","article-title":"lncRNA Malat1 modulates the maturation process, cytokine secretion and apoptosis in airway epithelial cell-conditioned dendritic cells","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003932117","article-title":"LncRNA Malat1 inhibition of TDP43 cleavage suppresses IRF3-initiated antiviral innate immunity","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798713","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.798713","article-title":"Regulatory Role of Non-Coding RNAs on Immune Responses during Sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Khoshbakht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.61194","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 was regulated by HPV16 E7 independently of pRB in cervical cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"7440","article-title":"Integrative analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network involved in EV71 infection","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17794","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17794","article-title":"The Malat1 long non-coding RNA is upregulated by signalling through the PERK axis of unfolded protein response during flavivirus infection","volume":"5","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz117","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 releases epigenetic silencing of HIV-1 replication by displacing the polycomb repressive complex 2 from binding to the LTR promoter","volume":"47","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2018.1551705","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Malat1 is not essential for T cell development and response to LCMV infection","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01776","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01776","article-title":"p50-associated COX-2 extragenic RNA (PACER) activates COX-2 gene expression by occluding repressive NF-\u03baB complexes","volume":"3","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2018.01.003","article-title":"LncRNAs in vascular biology and disease","volume":"114","author":"Simion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313768111","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA THRIL regulates TNF\u03b1 expression through its interaction with hnRNPL","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-020-00259-z","article-title":"LncRNA THRIL is upregulated in sepsis and sponges miR-19a to upregulate TNF-\u03b1 in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601056R","article-title":"A long noncoding RNA, lincRNA-Tnfaip3, acts as a coregulator of NF-\u03baB to modulate inflammatory gene transcription in mouse macrophages","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-279166","article-title":"LincRNA-Cox2 modulates TNF-\u03b1-induced transcription of Il12b gene in intestinal epithelial cells through regulation of Mi-2\/NuRD-mediated epigenetic histone modifications","volume":"30","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"2513","article-title":"Inflammatory response is modulated by lincRNACox2 via the NF-\u03baB pathway in macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2021.151515","article-title":"LincRNA-Cox2 regulates IL6\/JAK3\/STAT3 and NF-\u03baB P65 pathway activation in Listeria monocytogenes-infected RAW264.7 cells","volume":"311","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502146","article-title":"LincRNA-Cox2 Promotes Late Inflammatory Gene Transcription in Macrophages through Modulating SWI\/SNF-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling","volume":"196","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0105-8","article-title":"lincRNA-Cox2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"26","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, I., Valverde, A., Ahmad, F., and Naqvi, A.R. (2020). Long Noncoding RNA in Myeloid and Lymphoid Cell Differentiation, Polarization and Function. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020269"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C.-A., Li, J.-P., Yen, J.-C., Lai, I.-L., Ho, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Lan, J.-L., and Chang, J.-G. (2018). lncRNA NTT\/PBOV1 Axis Promotes Monocyte Differentiation and Is Elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092806"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6530","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14557","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA expressed in macrophage co-varies with the inflammatory phenotype during macrophage development and polarization","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19705","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19705","article-title":"Identification of Differentially Expressed Long Non-coding RNAs in Polarized Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108347","article-title":"LncRNA-Cox2 regulates macrophage polarization and inflammatory response through the CREB-C\/EBP\u03b2 signaling pathway in septic mice","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251456","article-title":"The STAT3-Binding Long Noncoding RNA lnc-DC Controls Human Dendritic Cell Differentiation","volume":"344","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902960","article-title":"Dendritic Cell (DC)-Specific Targeting Reveals Stat3 as a Negative Regulator of DC Function","volume":"184","author":"Melillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-018-0108-y","article-title":"Lnc-DC regulates cellular turnover and the HBV-induced immune response by TLR9\/STAT3 signaling in dendritic cells","volume":"23","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S124201","article-title":"Downregulation of long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 promotes monocyte\/dendritic cell differentiation through competitively binding to endogenous miR-3960","volume":"10","author":"Xin","year":"2017","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.01.015","article-title":"The NeST Long ncRNA Controls Microbial Susceptibility and Epigenetic Activation of the Interferon-\u03b3 Locus","volume":"152","author":"Gomez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401099","article-title":"Regulation of the Th1 Genomic Locus from Ifng through Tmevpg1 by T-bet","volume":"193","author":"Collier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.06.025","article-title":"The Magnitude of IFN-\u03b3 Responses Is Fine-Tuned by DNA Architecture and the Non-coding Transcript of Ifng-as1","volume":"75","author":"Petermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-05095-w","article-title":"A potential marker in brucellosis, long non coding RNA IFNG-AS1","volume":"46","author":"Gheitasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e515","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1230","article-title":"A Genome-wide Association Study Identifies SERPINB10, CRLF3, STX7, LAMP3, IFNG-AS1, and KRT80 as Risk Loci Contributing to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"72","author":"Castellucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.retram.2021.103307","article-title":"IFNG-AS1 and MAF4 long non-coding RNAs are upregulated in acute leukemia patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation","volume":"69","author":"Jafari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3093","article-title":"The long intergenic noncoding RNA landscape of human lymphocytes highlights the regulation of T cell differentiation by linc-MAF-4","volume":"16","author":"Ranzani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00852","article-title":"Lnc-ITSN1-2, Derived From RNA Sequencing, Correlates With Increased Disease Risk, Activity and Promotes CD4+ T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1\/Th17 Cell Differentiation by Serving as a ceRNA for IL-23R via Sponging miR-125a in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"11","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22477","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28811","article-title":"Knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 inhibits Th17\/CD4+ T cell differentiation through reducing the STAT3 protein level","volume":"234","author":"Shui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-021-00496-1","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 promotes activation of T helper 2 cells via inhibiting STAT6 ubiquitination","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01231-y","article-title":"Downregulation of LncRNA NEAT1 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization via miR-125a-5p\/TRAF6\/TAK1 Axis","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104674","article-title":"RETRACTED: LncRNA NEAT1 participates in inflammatory response in macrophages infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis through targeted regulation of miR-377\u20133p","volume":"150","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02250-16","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02250-16","article-title":"The Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Exerts Antihantaviral Effects by Acting as Positive Feedback for RIG-I Signaling","volume":"91","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2398-4","article-title":"NEAT1 modulates herpes simplex virus-1 replication by regulating viral gene transcription","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110362","article-title":"Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"129","author":"Sayad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.07.020","article-title":"HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells exploits the down-regulation of antiviral NEAT1 long non-coding RNAs following T cell activation","volume":"522","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01989","article-title":"The Long Non-coding RNA Flatr Anticipates Foxp3 Expression in Regulatory T Cells","volume":"9","author":"Brajic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3472","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700946114","article-title":"Flicr, a long noncoding RNA, modulates Foxp3 expression and autoimmunity","volume":"114","author":"Zemmour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15818","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15818","article-title":"Ash1l and lnc-Smad3 coordinate Smad3 locus accessibility to modulate iTreg polarization and T cell autoimmunity","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344126","article-title":"The human long noncoding RNA lnc-IL7R regulates the inflammatory response","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500264","article-title":"Cutting Edge: A Natural Antisense Transcript, AS-IL1\u03b1, Controls Inducible Transcription of the Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1\u03b1","volume":"195","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4979","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs and enhancer RNAs regulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes","volume":"5","author":"Ilott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"655","article-title":"Long Non-Coding RNA BST2\/BISPR is Induced by IFN and Regulates the Expression of the Antiviral Factor Tetherin","volume":"5","author":"Ebarriocanal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.10.001","article-title":"NRAV, a Long Noncoding RNA, Modulates Antiviral Responses through Suppression of Interferon-Stimulated Gene Transcription","volume":"16","author":"Ouyang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100041","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100041","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA ROCKI regulates inflammatory gene expression","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00530-8","article-title":"Antifungal Effect of Long Noncoding RNA 9708-1 in the Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Murine Model","volume":"186","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11661","article-title":"Control of somatic tissue differentiation by the long non-coding RNA TINCR","volume":"493","author":"Kretz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_207","first-page":"7345","article-title":"Effects of IFNG-AS1 and ANRIL on intestinal epithelial cells and their relationship with colitis","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09482-6","article-title":"The lncRNA Neat1 promotes activation of inflammasomes in macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4827","article-title":"lncRNA NEAT1 ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in MG63 cells by activating autophagy and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"47","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.10.071","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 sponges miR-133 to promote NLRP3 inflammasome expression in ischemia-reperfusion injured heart","volume":"254","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.270959.115","article-title":"Differentiation of mammary tumors and reduction in metastasis upon Malat1 lncRNA loss","volume":"30","author":"Arun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569524","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.569524","article-title":"The Long Non-coding RNAs: Paramount Regulators of the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"11","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900791","article-title":"A Mitochondrial Micropeptide Is Required for Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome","volume":"204","author":"Bhatta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0045-7","article-title":"Regulation of microRNA function in animals","volume":"20","author":"Gebert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27604","article-title":"Interaction of long noncoding RNA MEG3 with miRNAs: A reciprocal regulation","volume":"120","author":"Moradi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00270","article-title":"Specific and Novel microRNAs Are Regulated as Response to Fungal Infection in Human Dendritic Cells","volume":"8","author":"Dix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15035","article-title":"PCAT-1 promotes cell growth by sponging miR-129 via MAP3K7\/NF-\u03baB pathway in multiple myeloma","volume":"24","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monk, C.E., Hutvagner, G., and Arthur, J.S.C. (2010). Regulation of miRNA Transcription in Macrophages in Response to Candida albicans. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013669"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-020-03923-3","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA HCG18 promotes M1 macrophage polarization through regulating the miR-146a\/TRAF6 axis, facilitating the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"476","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"667","article-title":"LncRNA promoted inflammatory response in ischemic heart failure through regulation of miR-455-3p\/TRAF6 axis","volume":"69","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.02.014","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) modulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through miR-155-mediated IKKi signaling","volume":"1865","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2021.111098","article-title":"Long Non-Coding RNAs profiling in pathogenesis of Verticillium dahliae: New insights in the host-pathogen interaction","volume":"314","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Guo, H., Hu, W., and Ji, W. (2020). The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plant Defense against Fungal Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082659"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733129","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.733129","article-title":"Spray-Induced Silencing of Pathogenicity Gene MoDES1 via Exogenous Double-Stranded RNA Can Confer Partial Resistance against Fungal Blast in Rice","volume":"12","author":"Sarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.11.079","article-title":"Overexpression of lncRNA08489 enhances tomato immunity against Phytophthora infestans by decoying miR482e-3p","volume":"587","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643681","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.643681","article-title":"Nucleic Acid\u2013Based Therapeutics in Orphan Neurological Disorders: Recent Developments","volume":"8","author":"Khorkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e196","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.45","article-title":"De-repressing LncRNA-Targeted Genes to Upregulate Gene Expression: Focus on Small Molecule Therapeutics","volume":"3","author":"Fatemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4018","article-title":"Targeting long non-coding RNA to therapeutically upregulate gene expression","volume":"12","author":"Wahlestedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00219-z","article-title":"Noncoding RNA therapeutics\u2014Challenges and potential solutions","volume":"20","author":"Winkle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00028","article-title":"Systemic Delivery of Tumor-Targeting siRNA Nanoparticles against an Oncogenic LncRNA Facilitates Effective Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"30","author":"Vaidya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0067-3","article-title":"Drugging the lncRNA MALAT1 via LNA gapmeR ASO inhibits gene expression of proteasome subunits and triggers anti-multiple myeloma activity","volume":"32","author":"Amodio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716153","article-title":"Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis","volume":"379","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01473-6","article-title":"Inclisiran: First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Lamb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23982","article-title":"Eteplirsen for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"74","author":"Mendell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702752","article-title":"Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy","volume":"377","author":"Finkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1649-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial ncRNA targeting induces cell cycle arrest and tumor growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through reduction of key cell cycle progression factors","volume":"10","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2019.1679767","article-title":"An update on liposomes in drug delivery: A patent review (2014\u20132018)","volume":"29","author":"Arias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Patents"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18288","article-title":"Antisense Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Nanostructure-Targeting LncRNA MALAT1 Inhibits Cancer Metastasis","volume":"11","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.10.001","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1425774","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles transport lncRNA-H19 as competing endogenous RNA for the treatment of diabetic wounds","volume":"25","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/3\/621\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:35:11Z","timestamp":1760135711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/3\/621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics14030621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]}}}