{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:59:41Z","timestamp":1790841581680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spironolactone (SPL), a potent anti-aldosterone steroidal drug used to treat several diseases in paediatric patients (e.g., hypertension, primary aldosteronism, Bartter\u2019s syndrome, and congestive heart failure), is not available in child-friendly dosage forms, and spironolactone liquids have been reported to be unpalatable. Aiming to enhance SPL solubility in aqueous solution and overcome palatability, herein, the effects of (2-hydroxypropyl)-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (HP-\u03b2-CyD) were thoroughly investigated on solubilisation in water and on masking the unpleasant taste of SPL in vivo. Although the complexation of SPL with HP-\u03b2-CyD was demonstrated through phase solubility studies, Job\u2019s plot, NMR and computational docking studies, our in vivo tests did not show significant effects on taste aversion. Our findings, on the one hand, suggest that the formation of an inclusion complex of SPL with HP-\u03b2-CyD itself is not necessarily a good indicator for an acceptable degree of palatability, whereas, on the other hand, they constitute the basis for investigating other cyclodextrin-based formulations of the poorly water-soluble steroidal drug, including solid dosage forms, such as spray-dried powders and orodispersible tablets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T06:04:01Z","timestamp":1648965841000},"page":"780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["In Vivo Investigation of (2-Hydroxypropyl)-\u03b2-cyclodextrin-Based Formulation of Spironolactone in Aqueous Solution for Paediatric Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lopalco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annachiara","family":"Manni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College of London, 29\/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"},{"name":"Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Keeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College of London, 29\/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shozeb","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College of London, 29\/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Environment and Energy, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Lopedota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosimo Damiano","family":"Altomare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Denora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8384-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Tuleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College of London, 29\/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.12.007","article-title":"Neonatal Diuretic Therapy: Furosemide, Thiazides, and Spironolactone","volume":"39","author":"Segar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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