{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T15:53:22Z","timestamp":1769010802450,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/12209-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/12209-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES-PROEX 0884\/2018, CAPES-PROEX 3473\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES-PROEX 0884\/2018, CAPES-PROEX 3473\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305446\/2017-7; 307718\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305446\/2017-7; 307718\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coumaric acid (CouH), an antioxidant molecule assimilated by food consumption, was intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarrier, having zinc and aluminium ions in the layers (LDH-Cou), to evaluate its pharmacological activity through in vitro and in vivo assays in mice. Therefore, the following tests were performed: coumarate delivery in saline solution, fibroblasts\u2019 cell viability using neutral red, peritonitis induced by carrageenan, formalin test, acetic-acid-induced writhing, and tail-flick assay, for the non-intercalated CouH and the intercalated LDH-Cou system. Furthermore, different pharmacological pathways were also investigated to evaluate their possible anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive mechanisms of action, in comparison to traditionally used agents (morphine, naloxone, caffeine, and indomethacin). The LDH-Cou drug delivery system showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than CouH but not more than that evoked by the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin. For the analgesic effect, according to the tail-flick test, the treatment with LDH-Cou expressively increased the analgesia duration (p &lt; 0.001) by approximately 1.7\u20131.8 times compared to CouH or indomethacin. Thus, the results pointed out that the LDH-Cou system induced in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and possibly uses similar mechanisms to that observed for classic NSAIDs, such as indomethacin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Evaluation of a Phytochemical Intercalated into Layered Double Hydroxide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane A.","family":"Guilherme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas\u2014UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Adventista de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNASP, Engenheiro Coelho 13448-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa R. R.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Fundamental, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso\u2014Campus Ju\u00edna\u2014IFT-MT, Ju\u00edna 78320-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneida","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas\u2014UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele R.","family":"de Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC\u2014UFABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-170, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera R. L.","family":"Constantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Fundamental, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Goldsby, R., Kindt, T.J., Osborne, B.A., and Kuby, J. (2003). Immunology, W.H. Freeman and Company. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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