{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:39:25Z","timestamp":1787510365255,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian NHMRC","award":["#1107356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1107356"]}]},{"name":"Australian NHMRC","award":["APP1049906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1049906"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a widely used antifungal, usually applied as a microparticle suspension to facilitate delivery into the hair follicles, where it then dissociates into a soluble monomeric form that is bioactive against yeast and other microorganisms. In this study, we use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterise ZnPT formulations and map the delivery of particles into follicles within human skin. To simulate real-world conditions, it was applied using a massage or no-massage technique, while simultaneously assessing the dissolution using Zinpyr-1, a zinc labile fluorescent probe. ZnPT particles can be detected in a range of shampoo formulations using both MPM and FLIM, though FLIM is optimal for detection as it allows spectral and lifetime discrimination leading to increased selectivity and sensitivity. In aqueous suspensions, the ZnPT 7.2 \u00b5m particles could be detected up to 500 \u00b5m in the follicle. The ZnPT particles in formulations were finer (1.0\u20133.3 \u00b5m), resulting in rapid dissolution on the skin surface and within follicles, evidenced by a reduced particle signal at 24 h but enhanced Zinpyr-1 intensity in the follicular and surface epithelium. This study shows how MPM-FLIM multimodal imaging can be used as a useful tool to assess ZnPT delivery to skin and its subsequent dissolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T08:34:29Z","timestamp":1652776469000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multi-Modal Imaging to Assess the Follicular Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean E.","family":"Mangion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA\u2014Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, USA"},{"name":"Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Sandiford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA\u2014Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, USA"},{"name":"Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousuf","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3894-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA\u2014Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, USA"},{"name":"Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia"},{"name":"Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy M.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA\u2014Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, USA"},{"name":"Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lonza Consumer Care (2014). 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