{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1788886960094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Eurostar Program under project","award":["PREVIN E11008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREVIN E11008"]}]},{"name":"The Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University","award":["PREVIN E11008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREVIN E11008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to develop a chemically stable niosomal eye drop containing fosinopril (FOS) for lowering intraocular pressure. The effects of cyclodextrin (CD), surfactant types and membrane stabilizer\/charged inducers on physiochemical and chemical properties of niosome were evaluated. The pH value, average particle size, size distribution and zeta potentials were within the acceptable range. All niosomal formulations were shown to be slightly hypertonic with low viscosity. Span\u00ae 60\/dicetyl phosphate niosomes in the presence and absence of \u03b3CD were selected as the optimum formulations according to their high %entrapment efficiency and negative zeta potential values as well as controlled release profile. According to ex vivo permeation study, the obtained lowest flux and apparent permeability coefficient values confirmed that FOS\/\u03b3CD complex was encapsulated within the inner aqueous core of niosome and could be able to protect FOS from its hydrolytic degradation. The in vitro cytotoxicity revealed that niosome entrapped FOS or FOS\/\u03b3CD formulations were moderate irritation to the eyes. Furthermore, FOS-loaded niosomal preparations exhibited good physical and chemical stabilities especially of those in the presence of \u03b3CD, for at least three months under the storage condition of 2\u20138 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Physicochemical and Stability Evaluation of Topical Niosomal Encapsulating Fosinopril\/\u03b3-Cyclodextrin Complex for Ocular Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hay Marn","family":"Hnin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Stef\u00e1nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, National University Hospital, University of Iceland, Landspitalinn, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsteinn","family":"Loftsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathapon","family":"Asasutjarit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusadee","family":"Charnvanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7114-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phatsawee","family":"Jansook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(89)90049-1","article-title":"The pharmacology of antiglaucoma drugs","volume":"43","author":"Sugrue","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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