{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:59:43Z","timestamp":1792432783358,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral nerve injuries significantly impact patients\u2019 quality of life and poor functional recovery. Chitosan\u2013ufasomes (CTS\u2013UFAs) exhibit biomimetic features, making them a viable choice for developing novel transdermal delivery for neural repair. This study aimed to investigate the role of CTS\u2013UFAs loaded with the propranolol HCl (PRO) as a model drug in enhancing sciatica in cisplatin-induced sciatic nerve damage in rats. Hence, PRO\u2013UFAs were primed, embedding either span 20 or 60 together with oleic acid and cholesterol using a thin-film hydration process based on full factorial design (24). The influence of formulation factors on UFAs\u2019 physicochemical characteristics and the optimum formulation selection were investigated using Design-Expert\u00ae software. Based on the optimal UFA formulation, PRO\u2013CTS\u2013UFAs were constructed and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, stability studies, and ex vivo permeation. In vivo trials on rats with a sciatic nerve injury tested the efficacy of PRO\u2013CTS\u2013UFA and PRO\u2013UFA transdermal hydrogels, PRO solution, compared to normal rats. Additionally, oxidative stress and specific apoptotic biomarkers were assessed, supported by a sciatic nerve histopathological study. PRO\u2013UFAs and PRO\u2013CTS\u2013UFAs disclosed entrapment efficiency of 82.72 \u00b1 2.33% and 85.32 \u00b1 2.65%, a particle size of 317.22 \u00b1 6.43 and 336.12 \u00b1 4.9 nm, \u03b6 potential of \u221262.06 \u00b1 0.07 and 65.24 \u00b1 0.10 mV, and accumulatively released 70.95 \u00b1 8.14% and 64.03 \u00b1 1.9% PRO within 6 h, respectively. Moreover, PRO\u2013CTS\u2013UFAs significantly restored sciatic nerve structure, inhibited the cisplatin-dependent increase in peripheral myelin 22 gene expression and MDA levels, and further re-established sciatic nerve GSH and CAT content. Furthermore, they elicited MBP re-expression, BCL-2 mild expression, and inhibited TNF-\u03b1 expression. Briefly, our findings proposed that CTS\u2013UFAs are promising to enhance PRO transdermal delivery to manage sciatic nerve damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T01:42:13Z","timestamp":1658713333000},"page":"1536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sustainable Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride Laden with Biconjugated-Ufasomes Chitosan Hydrogel Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage in In Vitro\/In Vivo Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raha","family":"Orfali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4043-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa E.","family":"Rateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan O.","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gershon, M.D., and Nakamura, H. 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